[ RESISTANCE DU SORGHO (SORGHUM BICOLOR L. MOENCH) AUX LEPIDOPTERES FOREURS DE TIGES: CAS DES VARIETES LOCALES DE CONTRE SAISON DANS LA REGION DE L’EXTREME-NORD, CAMEROUN ]
Volume 26, Issue 4, July 2019, Pages 926–937
Jacques Djodda1, Nukenine Nchiwan Elias2, Ngassam Pierre3, and Bouba Djilé4
1 Department of Biology Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 55 Maroua, Cameroon
2 Université de Ngaoundéré, Faculté des Sciences, BP 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
3 Université de Yaoundé I, Laboratoire de Biologie générale, Cameroon
4 Department of Plants genetic and biotechnology, Agriculture Research for Development Institute (IRAD), P.O. Box 33 Maroua, Cameroon
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Among cereals, Sorghum is the most consumed as food in the Far North of Cameroon. Muskuwari, the off season sorghum, likely is attacked by stem borers (Sesamia cretica Lederer), which compromise its yield and reduce cereal supply. And yet ecological control measures to reduce losses are still little known. In order to identify resistant local accession of Muskuwari, tests in a Completely Randomized Block design was carried out on ten local varieties under natural infestations during the 2012 and 2013 agricultural campaign. Degrees of infestation were estimated by visual observation and destructive methods. Each year, Seed losses in term of percentage of total harvest loosed, were estimated from 30 ears per variety randomly selected from infested and uninfected. The results showed a large variation in agronomic performance depending on the parameters considered. Mandouéri, Bourgouri, Tchangalari and Soukatari with infestation rates ranging from 4% to 11% and seed losses ranging from 0.96% to 23.42% are more tolerant or resistant than other varieties while Safra’s varieties are always the most susceptible to stem borers with over to 40% seed loss. Therefore, there are resistant or tolerant varieties of Muskuwari able to cope with the attacks of stem borers not exploited to mitigated damages. Since varietal resistance is an ecological and easily adoptable option, investigations that could lead to Muskuwari varietal improvement could boost cereal supply.
Author Keywords: Muskuwari, varieties locales, Sesamia cretica (Lederer), Diamaré-Maroua.
Volume 26, Issue 4, July 2019, Pages 926–937
Jacques Djodda1, Nukenine Nchiwan Elias2, Ngassam Pierre3, and Bouba Djilé4
1 Department of Biology Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 55 Maroua, Cameroon
2 Université de Ngaoundéré, Faculté des Sciences, BP 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
3 Université de Yaoundé I, Laboratoire de Biologie générale, Cameroon
4 Department of Plants genetic and biotechnology, Agriculture Research for Development Institute (IRAD), P.O. Box 33 Maroua, Cameroon
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Among cereals, Sorghum is the most consumed as food in the Far North of Cameroon. Muskuwari, the off season sorghum, likely is attacked by stem borers (Sesamia cretica Lederer), which compromise its yield and reduce cereal supply. And yet ecological control measures to reduce losses are still little known. In order to identify resistant local accession of Muskuwari, tests in a Completely Randomized Block design was carried out on ten local varieties under natural infestations during the 2012 and 2013 agricultural campaign. Degrees of infestation were estimated by visual observation and destructive methods. Each year, Seed losses in term of percentage of total harvest loosed, were estimated from 30 ears per variety randomly selected from infested and uninfected. The results showed a large variation in agronomic performance depending on the parameters considered. Mandouéri, Bourgouri, Tchangalari and Soukatari with infestation rates ranging from 4% to 11% and seed losses ranging from 0.96% to 23.42% are more tolerant or resistant than other varieties while Safra’s varieties are always the most susceptible to stem borers with over to 40% seed loss. Therefore, there are resistant or tolerant varieties of Muskuwari able to cope with the attacks of stem borers not exploited to mitigated damages. Since varietal resistance is an ecological and easily adoptable option, investigations that could lead to Muskuwari varietal improvement could boost cereal supply.
Author Keywords: Muskuwari, varieties locales, Sesamia cretica (Lederer), Diamaré-Maroua.
Abstract: (french)
Le sorgho constitue la première céréale consommée comme aliment par les populations à l’extrême-nord du Cameroun. Le Muskuwari, variété de sorgho produite pourtant en saison sèche, est attaqué par les foreurs de tiges (Sesamia cretica Lederer) qui compromettent son rendement et réduisent l’offre en céréale. Et pourtant des mesures de lutte écologique pour réduire les pertes sont encore peu connues. Pour une identification des lignées résistantes de Muskuwari, des essais dans un dispositif en Bloc Complètement Randomisé sur dix variétés traditionnelles sous infestations naturelles ont été conduits pendant les campagnes agricoles 2012 et 2013. Les degrés de sévérité ont été estimés par des méthodes d’observation visuelle et destructive. Les pertes en graines ont été estimées à partir de 30 épis par variété choisis au hasard dans les populations des plantes infestées et non infestées. Il en découle une grande variation des comportements agronomiques variétaux selon les paramètres considérés. Mandouéri, Bourgouri, Tchangalari et Soukatari avec des taux d’infestation pouvant varier de 4% à 11% et des pertes en graines variant de 0,96% à 23,42% sont plus tolérantes ou résistantes que les autres variétés alors que les variétés Safra sont toujours les plus susceptibles aux foreurs de tiges avec plus de 40% de perte en graines. Il existe donc des variétés de Muskuwari résistantes/tolérantes à même de faire face aux attaques des foreurs encore mal inexploité. La résistance variétale étant une option écologique et facilement adoptable, des investigations pouvant aboutir à la l’amélioration variétale de Muskuwari pourrait booster l’offre en céréale.
Author Keywords: Muskuwari, local varieties, Sesamia cretica (Lederer), Diamaré-Maroua.
How to Cite this Article
Jacques Djodda, Nukenine Nchiwan Elias, Ngassam Pierre, and Bouba Djilé, “RESISTANCE OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L. MOENCH) TO LEPIDOPTEROUS STEM BORERS: CASE OF OFF SEASON LOCAL VARIETIES IN THE FAR NORTH REGION OF CAMEROON,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 926–937, July 2019.
