The significant increase in the development of world economy over the last few decades have been experienced a considerable increase in the number of commercial disputes. When there is any business and dealings with contracts the question of dispute must be happened. But all of the parties actually want to run their business well and smoothly. In recent world a massive part of global economy depends on the trans-border business. But disputes in such business dealings sometimes can be the reasons to become risk the inter-relation of those parties. Which can affect the global economy as a whole. Comparing to the disputes inside domestic entities the trans-border or international business disputes can arise as bigger problem because of different jurisdictions, diverse legal systems and tradition. International Court of Justice (ICJ) already has the jurisdiction to try all the international civil suits but Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism also considered as a viable alternative to resolve the dispute over the court. The international arbitration arises as a way of alternative dispute resolution mechanism which upraise benefits both of the parties and maintain the confidentiality. In this paper details of international arbitration and the broader impact of this mechanism in the global business economy will be focused. The legal status and the implementation process of international arbitration also be the discussing point of this paper.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia seeks to develop the fashion entrepreneurship sector as it is one of the important industries with a positive impact on the local economy. Therefore, the study aimed to prepare a training program in fashion entrepreneurship, with the goal of revealing the effectiveness of the program in enhancing the components of entrepreneurial work (entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial competence) among female students in the fashion design department, as well as its effectiveness in developing the entrepreneurial orientation of the students, and investigating the correlational relationship between the components of entrepreneurial work and the entrepreneurial orientation in fashion among female students in the fashion design department. The study followed an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design using a single group with pre- and post-tests for the same group. It was applied to a purposive sample of 65 individuals, using two scales developed by the researchers: the scale of entrepreneurial work components and the scale of entrepreneurial orientation. The results indicated That the training program developed was highly effective in enhancing the components of entrepreneurial work and also in developing entrepreneurial orientation in fashion entrepreneurship. This was evidenced by statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students in the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test. The study also found a positive correlational relationship with statistical significance at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the components of work and entrepreneurial orientation in fashion. Therefore, the research recommends focusing on enhancing the components of entrepreneurial work to contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial sector in fashion.

This study aims to apply different methods for oueme-basin base flow assessment. Of the four separation hydrogam approaches of that exist for the assessment of the baseflow, only the approaches by filter proposed by Nathan & McMahon, Chapman and the one this of Furey and Gupta have been tested in view of an identification of the most suitable method for the evaluation of the baseflow. The application of the method «approaches by filter», watch that the filter of Nathan & McMahon gives some results very little satisfactory in spite of relatively weak values of mistakes. As for the filters proposed by Furey & Gupta, the gotten results present an overestimate of the baseflow during the period of the low flow. Only the filter proposed by Chapman shows a good evaluation of the baseflow all along the year. The method of Chapman is very comfortable and precise. It is evident from these works that the method of Chapman can be used to value the oueme baseflow. The results descended of its application can be used therefore like.

The aim of this project is to reclaim fly ash from the Bargny coal-fired power plant for use in the production of hydraulic concrete, and also to provide economic and environmental solutions for the storage of industrial waste. To achieve this, the materials used were first characterized, in particular cement, fly ash and aggregates (sand, basalt, flint and limestone), in order to determine their physical and physico-chemical characteristics. Next, a campaign to formulate hydraulic concretes and manufacture 16x32cm cylindrical test bodies was carried out, in which cement was substituted by fly ash at different contents (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%). After conditioning in water, the specimens were progressively crushed at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results showed an increase in compressive strength with increasing curing time for a given substitution rate. However, a decrease in compressive strength was observed for all formulated concretes as the fly ash content increased. On the other hand, the strengths obtained with basalt are higher than the target strength at 28 days (25 MPa), even up to 20% cement substitution.

Medicinal plants can be an important element in the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this work was to evaluate the knowledge of medicinal plants with antidiabetic, antihypertensive and slimming properties used by the populations of the N’Zi Region. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in this region with 554 households and 17 healers using a questionnaire. This study made it possible to inventory a total of 69 medicinal plants used against the components of MetS. With 33 species used in households and 56 species used by healers. Spondias mombin (FC= 5.68%), Bambusa vulgaris (FC= 4.55%) and Citrus limon (FC= 4.55%) are the best known among healers. Among the households visited, Persea americana (FC= 23.50%) and Phyllanthus amarus (FC=9,29%) was the best known. The results obtained in this study show that Ananas comosus, Citrus limon and Parkia biglobosa are used both in healers and in households to treat hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity. These results show that these plants could be used as improved traditional medicines and could be used in the treatment of certain components of MetS such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity.

This study explores the morphological evolution of the Oued Tensift estuary and the Souiria Laqdima beach over the period 1985–2023, focusing on the impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors, particularly extreme events such as the 2014 floods. By utilizing a combination of diachronic satellite imagery analysis and shoreline mapping through CoastSat software, we identified critical patterns of erosion and accretion, highlighting the vulnerability of these coastal systems to both natural processes and human intervention. The study reveals that coastal changes are not only driven by hydrodynamic forces, such as tidal activity and sediment transport, but are also exacerbated by increasing urbanization near the estuary. The findings underscore the necessity for adaptive and integrated coastal management strategies that consider both immediate risks and long-term environmental pressures, particularly in light of climate change and rising sea levels. Our research offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics governing coastal systems and provides a solid framework for sustainable planning and decision-making to enhance the resilience of these fragile environments.

The mismatch between the needs and availability of socio-community infrastructure in urban and rural areas is a complex problem that requires urgent attention. This study aims to determine the disparities between the needs and availability of socio-community infrastructure in urban and rural areas in the commune of Djougou. To do this, 308 heads of household were interviewed on this issue in rural and urban areas. The data collected are qualitative data. The methods used are descriptive statistics and Chi2 dependency tests. The results of this study highlight significant differences between the perceptions of heads of household between urban and rural areas, particularly with regard to knowledge of land regulations (p-value = 9.628e-07), the distribution of infrastructure (p-value = 3.856e-08) and their impact on land value (p-value = 1.005e-10). These disparities highlight the importance of taking into account the specific perceptions of populations when developing policies and infrastructure projects, in order to better meet the needs and expectations of each environment.