Volume 26, Issue 2, May 2019, Pages 589–616
BANZA ILUNGA Aimé1
1 Chef de travaux, Faculté de Droit, Université de Lubumbashi, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The present topic has as object to wonder about the faculty of the civil responsibility to govern the indemnification of the third victims by rebound of the contractual non execution. Doesn't this preoccupation knock the principle of the relative effect of the conventions? It has a results a Congolese Right constant, the presence of numerous difficulties application so much such material right than right formal to the repair the prejudices, it require to adapt the right of the responsibility possibly the specificities of the compensation of damages by rebound contractual : apart from families criteria’s and extra families limitation of indirect victims, an application of the main principles that make the responsibility of the contractors towards the unknown or the third party proves to be even more applicable. Thus, the ideology of the compensation for damage and the constitutionalizing of the civil law, the principle of the opposability of the contract should be analyzed in two ways. First, of the contractor's side, this one has the right to opposes this contract to the unknow partner in crime of the non-execution. Then, of the side of the unknown victim, that also has legal right to repair consisting in opposing the contract to the contracting parts in places of damaging non executed. It is just in relation with this last aspect that by the jurisprudence and the doctrine haggard been conceived of the motor principles bound to the generating fact of responsibility of the faltering contractor towards the third party. Thus, of thesis controversial principles of stipulation heart others tacit, of group of contracts, of the relativity of the faults contractual and intentional and the one of the identity of this faults; it was necessary to relay to the “ theory of the assimilation moderated faults contractual and extracontractual ", that seem appropriate in responsibility Congolese law . By the way, “the principle contract with protective effects for the third party " of the German law that can inspires our law pertinently. This motor principles should find the action to repair of the prejudice by indirect victim contractual. Therefore, the third indirect victims, being near will have the right to choose between the foundation extracontractual or contractual. The judge will always appreciate supremely the case submitted to him.
Author Keywords: responsibility, victims, ricochet, Congolese law.
BANZA ILUNGA Aimé1
1 Chef de travaux, Faculté de Droit, Université de Lubumbashi, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The present topic has as object to wonder about the faculty of the civil responsibility to govern the indemnification of the third victims by rebound of the contractual non execution. Doesn't this preoccupation knock the principle of the relative effect of the conventions? It has a results a Congolese Right constant, the presence of numerous difficulties application so much such material right than right formal to the repair the prejudices, it require to adapt the right of the responsibility possibly the specificities of the compensation of damages by rebound contractual : apart from families criteria’s and extra families limitation of indirect victims, an application of the main principles that make the responsibility of the contractors towards the unknown or the third party proves to be even more applicable. Thus, the ideology of the compensation for damage and the constitutionalizing of the civil law, the principle of the opposability of the contract should be analyzed in two ways. First, of the contractor's side, this one has the right to opposes this contract to the unknow partner in crime of the non-execution. Then, of the side of the unknown victim, that also has legal right to repair consisting in opposing the contract to the contracting parts in places of damaging non executed. It is just in relation with this last aspect that by the jurisprudence and the doctrine haggard been conceived of the motor principles bound to the generating fact of responsibility of the faltering contractor towards the third party. Thus, of thesis controversial principles of stipulation heart others tacit, of group of contracts, of the relativity of the faults contractual and intentional and the one of the identity of this faults; it was necessary to relay to the “ theory of the assimilation moderated faults contractual and extracontractual ", that seem appropriate in responsibility Congolese law . By the way, “the principle contract with protective effects for the third party " of the German law that can inspires our law pertinently. This motor principles should find the action to repair of the prejudice by indirect victim contractual. Therefore, the third indirect victims, being near will have the right to choose between the foundation extracontractual or contractual. The judge will always appreciate supremely the case submitted to him.
Author Keywords: responsibility, victims, ricochet, Congolese law.
Abstract: (french)
La présente réflexion a pour objet de s’interroger sur l’aptitude de la responsabilité civile à régir l’indemnisation des tiers victimes par ricochet de l’inexécution contractuelle. Cette préoccupation ne heurte-t-elle pas le principe de l’effet relatif des conventions ? Il en résulte un constat en Droit congolais, la présence de nombreuses difficultés d’application tant du droit matériel que du droit formel à la réparation des préjudices, le besoin d’adapter éventuellement le droit de la responsabilité aux spécificités de la réparation des préjudices par ricochet contractuels : mis à part les critères familiaux et extrafamiliaux de limitation des victimes par ricochet, l’application des principes moteurs fondant la responsabilité des contractants envers les tiers s’avère encore plus pertinente. Ainsi, à l’heure de l’idéologie de la réparation et de la constitutionnalisation du droit civil, le principe de l’opposabilité du contrat devrait s’analyser en deux sens. D’abord, du côté du contractant, celui-ci a le droit d’opposer ce contrat au tiers complice de l’inexécution. Ensuite, du côté du tiers victime, qui a aussi un droit à réparation consistant à opposer le contrat aux parties contractantes en cas d’inexécution préjudiciable. C’est juste en rapport avec ce dernier aspect que des principes moteurs liés au fait générateur de responsabilité du contractant défaillant envers le tiers ont été conçus par la jurisprudence et la doctrine. Ainsi, de ces principes controversés de stipulation pour autrui tacite, de groupe de contrats, de la relativité des fautes contractuelle et délictuelle et celui de l’identité de ces fautes ; il fallait dégager la « théorie de l’assimilation tempérée des fautes contractuelle et extracontractuelle », qui semble idoine en droit congolais de la responsabilité. En outre, le principe du « contrat avec effets protecteurs pour les tiers » du Droit allemand peut pertinemment inspirer notre Droit sur cette question. Ces principes moteurs devraient fonder l’action à réparation du préjudice par ricochet contractuel. Par conséquent, les victimes indirectes, étant proches auront le droit d’opter entre le fondement extracontractuel ou contractuel. Et ce fondement contractuel, se justifierait par « la théorie de la généralisation de l’action contractuelle ». Le juge pourra toujours apprécier souverainement les cas lui soumis.
Author Keywords: responsabilité, victimes, ricochet, droit congolais.
How to Cite this Article
BANZA ILUNGA Aimé, “Principes moteurs de responsabilité des contractants envers les tiers, victimes par ricochet en droit congolais,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 589–616, May 2019.
