[ Analyse des facteurs favorisants de la destruction des écosystèmes forestiers et leurs conséquences en RD Congo ]
Volume 39, Issue 4, June 2023, Pages 1692–1697
Mvumbi Sylvain Mavinga1, Munkuamo Jean Rufin2, Nsekanabo Muta DE3, Mavungu Mvumbi Jac Willy4, Ntoto Mvubu Roger5, and Lukoki Luyeye Félicien6
1 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Ressources Naturelles, BP 314 Boma, RD Congo
2 -3Université Pédagogique Nationale, Département de Géographie - Sciences de l’environnement, BP 8815 Kinshasa, Ngaliema, RD Congo
3 undefined, undefined
4 Institut Supérieur d’Etudes Agronomiques (ISEA), BP 151 Tshela, RD Congo
5 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Département d’Economie Agricole, BP 117 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Throughout the world, the forest remains the most stressed ecosystem for various human needs. The humid tropical forests found in the Third World are in constant decline due to clearing for cultivation, bush fires and the overexploitation of firewood and charcoal. «In the year 2000, the forest area covered about 3.9 billion hectares, or roughly 30% of the Earth’s land surface, but every year the global forest cover is shrinking» (Lester, 2001). As far as DR Congo is concerned, «wood energy covers 82% of total energy needs and 99% of housing sector needs» (Zins and Kambale, 1989; Gerkens, 1989). Furthermore, «the urban consumption (Kinshasa) of wood as a source of energy led to the disappearance of nearly 16,000 hectares of forest in 1980 and 80,000 hectares in 1985 for the other cities of the country» (Vangu, 1988). «The southern Shaba region alone is losing more than 40,000 hectares of forest per year. The needs of the city of Lubumbashi in energy-wood lead to deforestation of more than 10,000 hectares per year» (Binzangi, 1989). «Households in the city of Kisangani use wood energy for cooking, i.e. 226,908 bags of charcoal per year, i.e. 14,300 tonnes of charcoal per year compared to 1,802,124 bundles of wood, i.e. 60 384 tons per year. Consequently, the total quantity of wood-energy in Kinshasa is estimated at around 4.8 million m3 of wood per year (Projet Makala/CIFOR, 2011)». In the hinterland of Kinshasa, the regressive series at the level of forest formations continues its trajectory in an interrupted manner since the rate of deforestation has already reached 55.81%. Furthermore, the average monthly production of 41 kg wood bundles is 13,800 ± 84.85 while that of 51 kg charcoal is 45,750 ± 49.50« (Mavinga, 2019). These few estimates indicate the extent to which wood energy occupies a prominent place in the lives of the world’s populations in general and Congolese in particular.
Author Keywords: analysis, contributing factors, forest ecosystems, charcoal, firewood, household, energy needs, DR Congo.
Volume 39, Issue 4, June 2023, Pages 1692–1697
Mvumbi Sylvain Mavinga1, Munkuamo Jean Rufin2, Nsekanabo Muta DE3, Mavungu Mvumbi Jac Willy4, Ntoto Mvubu Roger5, and Lukoki Luyeye Félicien6
1 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Ressources Naturelles, BP 314 Boma, RD Congo
2 -3Université Pédagogique Nationale, Département de Géographie - Sciences de l’environnement, BP 8815 Kinshasa, Ngaliema, RD Congo
3 undefined, undefined
4 Institut Supérieur d’Etudes Agronomiques (ISEA), BP 151 Tshela, RD Congo
5 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Département d’Economie Agricole, BP 117 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Throughout the world, the forest remains the most stressed ecosystem for various human needs. The humid tropical forests found in the Third World are in constant decline due to clearing for cultivation, bush fires and the overexploitation of firewood and charcoal. «In the year 2000, the forest area covered about 3.9 billion hectares, or roughly 30% of the Earth’s land surface, but every year the global forest cover is shrinking» (Lester, 2001). As far as DR Congo is concerned, «wood energy covers 82% of total energy needs and 99% of housing sector needs» (Zins and Kambale, 1989; Gerkens, 1989). Furthermore, «the urban consumption (Kinshasa) of wood as a source of energy led to the disappearance of nearly 16,000 hectares of forest in 1980 and 80,000 hectares in 1985 for the other cities of the country» (Vangu, 1988). «The southern Shaba region alone is losing more than 40,000 hectares of forest per year. The needs of the city of Lubumbashi in energy-wood lead to deforestation of more than 10,000 hectares per year» (Binzangi, 1989). «Households in the city of Kisangani use wood energy for cooking, i.e. 226,908 bags of charcoal per year, i.e. 14,300 tonnes of charcoal per year compared to 1,802,124 bundles of wood, i.e. 60 384 tons per year. Consequently, the total quantity of wood-energy in Kinshasa is estimated at around 4.8 million m3 of wood per year (Projet Makala/CIFOR, 2011)». In the hinterland of Kinshasa, the regressive series at the level of forest formations continues its trajectory in an interrupted manner since the rate of deforestation has already reached 55.81%. Furthermore, the average monthly production of 41 kg wood bundles is 13,800 ± 84.85 while that of 51 kg charcoal is 45,750 ± 49.50« (Mavinga, 2019). These few estimates indicate the extent to which wood energy occupies a prominent place in the lives of the world’s populations in general and Congolese in particular.
Author Keywords: analysis, contributing factors, forest ecosystems, charcoal, firewood, household, energy needs, DR Congo.
Abstract: (french)
De par le monde, la forêt reste l’écosystème le plus sollicité pour divers besoins humains. Les forêts tropicales humides qui se trouvent dans le tiers-monde, sont en diminution constante à cause des défrichements pour les cultures des feux de brousse et de la surexploitation du bois de chauffe et du charbon de bois. « En l’an 2000, le secteur boisé recouvrait environ 3,9 milliards d’hectares, soit en gros 30 % de la surface émergée de la planète, mais chaque année, le couvert forestier mondial se réduit » (Lester, 2001). En ce qui concerne la RD Congo, « l’énergie-bois couvre 82 % des besoins énergétiques totaux et 99 % de besoins du secteur de l’habitat » (Zins et Kambale, 1989; Gerkens, 1989). Par ailleurs, « la consommation urbaine (Kinshasa) du bois comme source d’énergie a entraîné la disparition de près de 16 000 hectares de forêt en 1980 et 80 000 hectares en 1985 pour les autres villes du pays » (Vangu, 1988). « La seule région du Shaba méridional perd plus de 40 000 hectares de forêt par an. Les besoins de la ville de Lubumbashi en énergie-bois entraîne un déboisement de plus de 10 000 hectares par an » (Binzangi, 1989). « Les ménages de la ville de Kisangani recourent à l’énergie-bois pour la cuisson, soit 226 908 sacs de charbon de bois par an, soit 14 300 tonnes de charbon de bois par an contre 1 802 124 fagots de bois, soit 60 384 tonnes par an. Par conséquent, la quantité totale de l’énergie-bois à Kinshasa, est estimée autour de 4,8 millions de m3 de bois par an (Projet Makala/CIFOR, 2011). « Dans l’hinterland de Kinshasa, la série régressive au niveau des formations forestières continue sa trajectoire de manière interrompue dès lors le taux de déforestation a déjà atteint 55,81 %. En outre, la production moyenne mensuelle de fagots de bois de 41 kg est de 13 800 ± 84,85 tandis que celle de charbon de bois de 51 kg est de 45 750 ± 49,50 » (Mavinga, 2019). Ces quelques estimations indiquent à quel point la dendroénergie occupe une place de choix dans la vie des populations mondiales en général et congolaises en particulier.
Author Keywords: analyse, facteurs favorisants, écosystèmes forestiers, charbon de bois, bois de feu, ménage, besoins énergétiques, RD Congo.
How to Cite this Article
Mvumbi Sylvain Mavinga, Munkuamo Jean Rufin, Nsekanabo Muta DE, Mavungu Mvumbi Jac Willy, Ntoto Mvubu Roger, and Lukoki Luyeye Félicien, “Analysis of factors contributing to the destruction of forest ecosystems and their consequences in DR Congo,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1692–1697, June 2023.
