[ Dynamique et compacité parcellaire dans la commune de Lemba (RDC): Défis à relever pour les bénéfices des services écosystémiques des habitants ]
Volume 39, Issue 3, May 2023, Pages 1108–1122
Sylvain Nkate Tshiesese1
1 Chef de travaux, Département de Géographie-Sciences de l’environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), BP 8815, Kinshasa 1, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The commune of Lemba was formerly called commune of the evolved because inhabited by cadres who formed a class of intellectuals and civil servants. It was furnished with houses of the ONL type or stylish houses, roads, equipment, infrastructure... in planned neighborhoods (marked nowadays by self-production and self-construction). Today, where infrastructures exist, they are poorly maintained, poorly sized by the rapidly growing population with intermunicipal mobility difficult to control. Nowadays, urban planning standards of constructability, principles of habitability in plots, principles of hygiene and environmental protection, principles of migration and rural exodus, etc. that allowed positive models to live in neighborhoods, are no longer known and respected by populations. This is what has irreversibly tipped towards negative models of living in all plots of the commune of Lemba in particular, and the city of Kinshasa in general. Populations are increasing without taking into account any communal or urban restrictions relating to inter-municipal mobility, rural exodus and natural increase. These increases create housing needs that impose an anarchic pace of house construction that characterizes the compactness of all living environments that have already reached their limits in plot spaces, living environment. The compactness in progress throughout the municipality is irreversible, it is at the root of multiple vulnerabilities (social, physical, and environmental) that do not allow the inhabitants to benefit from the ecosystem services generated by the various municipal resources (parcel spaces, urban trees, rivers, communal soils...) in «suffering» and losing speed.
Author Keywords: Dynamics, compacteness, municipality, services, eco-systemic, fragmented.
Volume 39, Issue 3, May 2023, Pages 1108–1122
Sylvain Nkate Tshiesese1
1 Chef de travaux, Département de Géographie-Sciences de l’environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), BP 8815, Kinshasa 1, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The commune of Lemba was formerly called commune of the evolved because inhabited by cadres who formed a class of intellectuals and civil servants. It was furnished with houses of the ONL type or stylish houses, roads, equipment, infrastructure... in planned neighborhoods (marked nowadays by self-production and self-construction). Today, where infrastructures exist, they are poorly maintained, poorly sized by the rapidly growing population with intermunicipal mobility difficult to control. Nowadays, urban planning standards of constructability, principles of habitability in plots, principles of hygiene and environmental protection, principles of migration and rural exodus, etc. that allowed positive models to live in neighborhoods, are no longer known and respected by populations. This is what has irreversibly tipped towards negative models of living in all plots of the commune of Lemba in particular, and the city of Kinshasa in general. Populations are increasing without taking into account any communal or urban restrictions relating to inter-municipal mobility, rural exodus and natural increase. These increases create housing needs that impose an anarchic pace of house construction that characterizes the compactness of all living environments that have already reached their limits in plot spaces, living environment. The compactness in progress throughout the municipality is irreversible, it is at the root of multiple vulnerabilities (social, physical, and environmental) that do not allow the inhabitants to benefit from the ecosystem services generated by the various municipal resources (parcel spaces, urban trees, rivers, communal soils...) in «suffering» and losing speed.
Author Keywords: Dynamics, compacteness, municipality, services, eco-systemic, fragmented.
Abstract: (french)
La commune de Lemba était appelée autrefois commune des évolués car habitée par des cadres qui formaient une classe d’intellectuels et des fonctionnaires. Elle était aménagée avec des maisons du type ONL ou maisons stylées, des voiries, des équipements, des infrastructures...dans des quartiers planifiés (marqués aujourd’hui par l’autoproduction et l’auto construction). Aujourd’hui, là où des infrastructures existent, elles sont mal entretenues, mal dimensionnées par la population en croissance rapide avec une mobilité intercommunale difficile à maîtriser. De nos jours, les normes urbanistiques de constructibilité, les principes d’habitabilité dans les parcelles, les principes d’hygiène et de protection de l’environnement, les principes de migration et d’exode rural, etc. qui permettaient les modèles d’habiter positifs dans les quartiers, ne sont plus connus et respectés par les populations. C’est ce qui a fait basculer irréversiblement vers les modèles d’habiter négatifs dans toutes les parcelles de la commune de Lemba en particulier, et de la ville de Kinshasa en général. Les populations augmentent sans tenir compte des restrictions communales ou urbaines quelconques relatives à la mobilité intercommunale, à l’exode rural et à l’accroissement naturel. Ces augmentations créent les besoins en logement qui imposent un rythme anarchique de constructions de maisons qui caractérisent la compacité de tous les milieux de vie qui ont déjà atteints leurs limites en espaces parcellaires, cadre de vie. La compacité en marche dans toute la commune est irréversible, elle est à la base de multiples vulnérabilités (sociales, physiques, et environnementales) qui ne permettent pas aux habitants de bénéficier des services ecosystémiques générées par les différentes ressources communales (espaces parcellaires, arbres urbains, cours d’eau, fonciers communaux...).
Author Keywords: Dynamique, compacité, commune, services, éco systémiques, parcellaire.
How to Cite this Article
Sylvain Nkate Tshiesese, “Dynamics and parcel compactness in the commune of Lemba (DRC): Challenges to be met for the benefits of the ecosystem services of the inhabitants,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1108–1122, May 2023.
