This study concerns environmental degradations noticed in the areas controlled by extractive industry and in the Congolese urban zones. Based on the legal framework established, 2002 – 2016, and on the available results of reserarch, it argues: the management of natural resources henceforth requires more rationality and more responsibility, more attention to ecological balance and to the needs of future generations. It has really detected the notions of biodiversity in Congolese laws focused on the management of natural resources, and has examined the relevance of the Congolese legal framework in relation to environmental, health, ecological and axiological degradations. It has also assessed the quality of the implemention of laws promulgated. Analyses and reflections of this study therefore highlight three major challenges in the Congolese society, namely (1) economy of the cognitive resources, and of the cultural and ecological values, (2) management of the natural resources, and (3) Congolese tragedy. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, analyses and reflections of the study are divided into three sections, that is (1) legal framework for the management of Congolese natural resources: the notions of biodiversity, (2) critique of the Congolese laws considered: their quality and that of their implementation, and (3) biodiversity issues.