The intrahepatic cholestasis is the most common of hepatopathies specific to pregnancy. Serum total bile acids concentration (ACIBI) is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic marker of this disease. The objective of this study is to validate the enzymatic quantification method of ACIBI of Randox on Cobas 6000 c501® Roche Diagnostics ™. A retrospective study of 6 months on all patients in the gynecology-obstetric department of the hospital completes the method validation.The repeatability study on ACIBI concentrations at 20 and 40 μmol / L shows coefficients of variation respectively at 1.1% and 0.9%, that of reproducibility at 2.4% and 1.8%. The linearity is 230 μmol / L and the limit of quantification is 3 μmol / L. The measurement uncertainty is 0.52 μmol / L for a concentration of 12 μmol / L.The statistical analysis of 150 folders shows 9 cases of cholestasis of pregnancy without any other associated anomaly; 5 severe cases at a mean level of ACIBI at 56 ± 10 μmol / L with premature delivery and 4 cases of moderate CG with ACIBI at 26 ± 8 μmol / L accompanied by a regression of symptoms following treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid.The enzymatic assay method of bile acids of Randox validated in our laboratory showed good performances. In addition to its diagnostic value, the determination of bile acids has a prognostic and therapeutic value. Elevated fasting level > 40 μmol / L is considered as a risk factor for fetal complications and it is considered in the decision to to premature inducing of labour.
The present study characterized the plant diversity of oil palm plantations in function of farming practices and their ages. The plant diversity of 7, 11 and 14 years old oil palm plantations evolving in different farming practices was inventoried using 1m x 1m quadrats for herbaceous species and the 20 m wide transects for woody species. The results obtained show that these stands are not very diversified: P7 presents 37 species, 34 genera and 27 families; P11, 27 species 26 genera, 18 families and P14, 31 species, 28 genera, 19 families. Only Ng13 had woody species individualized into trees and shrubs. The combination of manual and chemical weeding and irregular fertilization promotes the diversity of herbaceous species in the different stands. Age and farming practices influence the plant diversity of the stands.
This article is a conceptual analysis of the value in hospitality. An overview of different ways of strategically positioning a hotel is presented: (1) positioning by stars classification and (2) market orientation positioning. The argument, justifying that the Holbrook typology is best suited to study value in a hotel context, given its multi-dimensional nature, is exposed. A review of recent literature on the value of hotel consumption is discussed, particularly from an intra-variable perspective. This article finally identifies all works that recognizes different types of values and studies the relationships between them in hotels and tourism context from 1982 to 2017.
The main objective of this study was to contribute, on the one hand, to the understanding of the concept of a biosphere reserve, on the other hand, to take stock of the experience of the Taï Biosphere Reserve in this area. According to the recommendations of the UNESCO MAB Program, a biosphere reserve has to comprise three zones, 1) a central monitoring area, 2) a buffer zone for research, experimentation, education, tourism and recreation, and 3) a transition area for research, tourism, recreation as well as local and sustainable development. This study shows that the Taï Biosphere Reserve is structured in three areas, which corresponds to the functions mentioned above. It is remarkable that the managers of what? have been able to adapt the zoning to the local realities. In particular, they took the objectives of sustainable conservation of the biodiversity and the sustainable development activities of the local populations into account. However, more capacity strengthening is needed, and relations between the Taï Biosphere Reserve and the surrounding forests should be improved. Although the different functions are operational, they should be further developed, particularly tourism and scientific research.
The contribution of ISO 9001 certification to organizational performance is a classic topic in the literature. However, they are only rare studies that have explored the relationships between contingency factors of ISO 9001 certification, effective implementation of quality management system and organizational performance in manufacturing companies. In the Moroccan context, this research problem hasn’t been previously investigated, thus, a qualitative design is adopted in order to develop a deep understanding of it. 8 semi-structured interviews were realized with quality managers operating in different branches of the industrial sector in Morocco; secondary data were also included. Unlike the traditional model of internal and external motivations for ISO 9001 certification presented by many authors, the findings reveal the following two main characters of the contingency factors of ISO 9001 certification: commercial and managerial. The themes of the contingency factors for certification that have a commercial nature don’t explain the effective implementation of quality management system, consequently, little results emerge from gaining ISO 9001 certification. But, the themes of the contingency factors for certification that have commercial and managerial natures, specifically the last one, lead to the effective implementation of quality management system, as a result, major benefits are achieved. Also, it is worth nothing that the relationships between effective implementation of quality management system and themes of organizational performance that have emerged from data analysis are both direct and indirect, which in turn arguments the importance of the managerial nature of reasons for pursuing ISO 9001 certification.
140 sesame accessions (Sesamum indicum) collected in different regions of Niger were characterized through 16 agro-morphological characters. These characters showed a great diversity within this collection. However, no link has been highlighted between this diversity and the geographical isolation of the collected accessions. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical classification on the principal components (HCPC) highlighted three agromorphological groups. The group 1 accessions are the earliest and with a low vegetative development but very productive. Those of group 2 have an average precociousness and a vegetative development but as productive as those of group 1. Group 3 is that of the late ones with a very important vegetative development but low yields. The early rain cessation in September, before the end of their cycle, certainly impacted their productivity. The most discriminating variables that describe the variability between the identified groups are the precocity characters (date of start of flowering, date of 50% flowering, date of start of flower buds and physiological maturity) and vegetation characters (number of branches on the main stem, number of nodes on the main stem and length of internodes). Some accessions, with good agronomic performance, have been identified to be multiplied and distributed directly to producers or to integrate future sesame selection programs in Niger.
The routine and excessive use of fungicides to control fungal diseases in the field, without perceiving the risks and vulnerability they cause, must be considered in modern agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of some fungicides for the control of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in wheat, evaluating their impact on yield. A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and four repetitions. The fungicides applied by spraying were: picoxystrobin + cyproconazole, tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin. The incidence, severity, and biological effectiveness to control scald, finding the percentages according to formulas in each treatment. Number of seeds and the average weight of the grain per spike were evaluated. At four months, the average number of seeds per spike and the average weight of the grain were evaluated. The scald affected the culture from the early stages and with high inoculum pressure. The highest biological effectiveness was obtained with tebuconazole 500 mL ha-1, followed by (picoxystrobin + cyproconazole) 400 mL ha-1. Both in the average number of seeds per spike and in the average grain weight, the best result was when pyractrostrobin was applied, followed by picoxystrobin + cyproconazole. tebuconazole only favored the average grain weight. The results showed that use of fungicides was convenient to reduce the decrease in wheat production, always mixed with an adjuvant.
This work aims to describe the botanical and phytochemical characteristics of Chrozophora brocchiana (Vis.) Schweinf (Euphorbiaceae), a plant used to prepare traditional remedies for the treatment of diarrhea in children.The methodology is based on a macroscopic description of the fresh drug followed by a microscopic description, the estimate of the water content and total ash content in the dry drug, and then the characterization reactions of the large chemical groups in the water extract obtained from the sprayed dry drug.C. brocchiana is a perennial perennial herbaceous plant, greyish green and whitish in colour during the dry season when hairs are longer and denser. The powder of the dry drug is cottony to the touch, with no flavor or smell characteristic of fresh butter color, code #FFF48D. The conductive beams of the leaf at the main rib are arranged in an arc next to a massif. The limb has a bifacial heterogeneous mesophile. The epidermis has many tecting hairs, usually starry or dendritic, longer and denser during the dry season a mark of adaptation of this plant to drought. The wooden vessels are in radial lines interspersed with woody parenchyme. Micrography highlights isolated or grouped single-celled tctory hairs, rounded to oval starch grains, and calcium oxalate crystals. The dry drug C. brocchiana can be stored without risk of degradation by the development of microorganisms (humidity rate: 9.1-0.75%). The drug is not rich in minerals (total ash rate: 9.67-0.76%) but contains a high amount of silica (insoluble ash levels in hydrochloric acid: 3.2-0.1%). The groups of secondary metabolites identified in the sample that could justify the use as an antidiarrheal of C. brocchiana are tannins by their astringent and antiseptic properties, the dares having the ability to retain large amounts of water.Further botanical, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity studies would be needed to explain the traditional use of C. brocchiana as an antidiarrheal in children.
In any globalized economic environment, the sectors of economic activity behave and resist differently depending on the causes of the turbulence. Certain sectors have a resilient attitude and play a stabilizing role, supporting growth and employment. These sectors are generally linked to the basic needs of the population; in this case, the agricultural and food sector stand out. This study seeks to examine the potential of agriculture in promoting integrated development in the national economy, by capturing its interactions with other economic sectors. Input-output analysis was applied to examine both the contribution of the primary sector and the impact of agricultural policy (Green Morocco Plan) on the entire national economy. Using this analytical tool, the input-output model, based on the Resources-Jobs table (TRE), it is demonstrated that the impact of said agricultural policy is not limited to the primary sector, but, it directly and indirectly affects d 'other sectors, as well as total production, employment and household income. The results also suggest that agriculture is an important engine of growth, helping to increase local production, ensuring a stable supply of food and ensuring a reasonable standard of living for farmers.
In urban India, traffic and air pollution are major issues. Most of the air pollution is due to the rising number of vehicles on the road and is affecting the wellbeing of every individual. To reduce the traffic and vehicular pollution, people have to use more and more public transport but for that first and last mile connectivity is a major concern. Electric mobility is a cost effective and viable solutions to tackle poor air quality and excessive dependence on oil imports. As, e-rickshaw is an antidote to air pollution, can be seen as a viable solution for shared micro mobility.
Characterized by the agro pastoralism and pastoralism, breeding is essentially extensive in Niger. However, the pastoral resources are more and more threatened by crops farms. To better securize fodder resources, the Departmental Commission Land of Boboye through its partners has processed to the mapping of these fodder resources. This study was conducted to assess the perception of actors of the rural community of Fabidji on how to secure fodder resources. A number of 76 persons consisted of officials for pastoral resource management and users of fodder resources were investigated. According to the survey results, 75% of the farmers and 63.6% of the livestock breeders asserted that the cartography has made access easier to the pastoral resources. According to farmers (91.3%) and livestock breeders (82.6%), the typology of pastoral resources has been well drawn by the cartography. At the organization level, all the ALHERI members (100%), AREN (100%) and those of the administration (100%), the majority members of FNEN DADO (75%) and the non-affiliates (96%) think that the cartography has permitted to improve the knowledge on pastoral resources. 75% of village leaders declared that the cartography has permitted to preserve of the pastoral resources. For the majority of AREN (85.7%), ALHERI (50%), FNEN DADO (50%), administration (71. 4%) and (92%) of non-affiliates, the cartography has permitted to sort out of conflicts between breeders and agriculturists.
Diffusion of fertility control is recognized as one of the main factors that contribute to reduce fertility, particularly, in low-income countries. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa characterized by poverty and high fertility, little research has been conducted on this topic. This article contributes to improve the knowledge of the determinants of fertility by considering both structural factors and aggregate pattern of spatial behaviour. We measure spatial dependence in fertility and related factors, and then assess the diffusion effect of fertility behaviour across 518 administrative divisions based on Cote d’Ivoire census data conducted in 2014. We found out that spatial diffusion in fertility is statistically significant after controlling structural characteristics of women, which means that women shaped their demand for children based on their own characteristics and the influence of ideas, informations related to fertility control. By comparing areas of residence, we found that urbanization, employment and exposure of media (television/radio) were more significant in areas with the lowest child-woman ratio than in areas with the highest fertility rate. Considering spatial concentration of women’s characteristics, the lowest cluster of female employment, educated women, women living in cities, household that owned radio/television were registered in areas with the highest child-woman ratio. However, these areas have the highest concentration of married women, who were likely to share conservative values of having many children.
The National Electricity Company, SNEL in acronym, puts on the market an innovative product” Cash power” by which it wants to offer its customers: speed, freedom and simplicity in the supply of electric energy compared to the old system which required a bloated staff just to distribute its invoices thus causing, many loads.As a result, it appears that after the diagnostic analysis of the distribution and communication policies developed around this product, a certain profitability is perceived in the services provided, in particular the establishment of the system of prepayment meters and the billing system within the commercial service of SNEL/KISANGANI. But much remains to be done in order to make this product more accessible to everyone. After analysis of the data, the results according to which the amount of Cash power realized in overall global revenues of SNEL/KISANGANI during the study period give positive growth. The placement of prepayment meters positively influences the company to reorganize its services in view of results achieved. This approach justifies the importance given to the prepayment system so that the leaders of this company master this structure of advanced technology put on the market in terms of innovations in the electrical sector.
The Souf is part of the northern North Eastern Sahara. Its geographical configuration characterized by a flat topography and absence of natural outlet. Formerly, it located in the Eastern Erg of the caravan routes which has prevented the emergence of major cities. The voluntarism of Saharan integration and the reconsideration of territorial grid have led to massive unorganized urbanization; the latter is responsible for serious problems related to the urban environment; the degradation of architectural heritage and cultural heritage; soil degradation and water. Changes in land use and land cover are critical elements of contemporary strategies for natural resource management, and for monitoring environmental change. In this context, a GIS derived from the application stages of geospatial technologies and remote sensing methodology from 1972 to 2016. This article attempts to analyze the spatial consequences of these policies on morphological transformation, and the changes imposed on this space. The change detection analysis indicates that the built-up area was increased by almost 30 times for the northern conurbation where the merger took place between Guemar and Taghzout, towards the south of the valley the built-up area was increased by more of 108 times or agglomerations Kouinine; El Oued; El Bayadha and Robbah eventually join. In this context, the predominance of traditional culture has declined as a result of market gardening, where the area occupied by the pivots has increased from 122 square kilometers to more than 317 square kilometers between 2005 and 2016.
The objective of this work is to determine the phenotypic characterization of enterobacteria with a view to identifying them, extracting aromatic oils, and preparing ethereal, chloroformic extracts of foods, in order to test the antibacterial activity of four foods, among other Allium sativum, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium cepa and Allium porrum.The aqueous, ethereal and chloroform extracts were obtained by hydro-distillation and by the extraction method using ether and chloroform respectively.As a result, the strains observed are Gram negative bacteria; their morphological and biochemical characterization made it possible to identify three germs including Citrobacter sp, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli.The study of the sensitivity of these strains to hydro-distillation, to the ethereal and chloroform extract of Allium sativum, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium cepa and Allium porum by the method of diffusion in agar medium led to the following results: strains S8, S13 and S16 inhibited on hydro distillation (8; 15; 16mm of inhibition diameters); the ethereal extract of these same drugs inhibited the S14 strains for garlic (with 8mm inhibition diameter; S13 and S16 for chives (with 10mm inhibition diameter) and finally, the S16 strain for onion (with 16mm inhibition diameter), on the other hand, the chloroformic extract presented the zones of inhibition to strains S15 and S16 (14 and 12mm inhibition diameter) for Allium sativum (garlic); to strains S6 and S16 (9 and 13mm inhibition diameters) for Allium schoenoprasum (chives) and finally, strain S16 (17mm inhibition diameter) for Allium cepa (onion).Further in-depth research should be encouraged in order to make available to society effective and less expensive products which fight against antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in the Kisangani region.
Severe acute colitis is a medical and surgical emergency that involves the short-term life threatening. The diagnosis of CAG is based on the combination of clinical and biological criteria and can be supported by morphological criteria (endoscopy, scanner). It complicates ulcerative colitis (UC) as well as Crohn's disease.It is a serious complication which, in the absence of proper care, in a specialized environment, is likely to jeopardize the vital prognosis. Intravenous corticosteroid therapy (CO IV) is the first-line medical treatment for AGC.The objective of our work is to assess the predictive factors of the response to intravenous corticosteroid therapy during severe acute colitis. This is an observational study spread over 2 years, covering 27 cases of severe acute colitis collected within our department. The Severe acute colitis was defined by a Lichtiger score greater than 10. Clinical, biological, endoscopic and radiological data were collected and analyzed by SPSS20 software.
A descriptive study was carried out at the district of Congo, Commune de Labo, to evaluate the quantity of charcoal consumed by households. This is to contribute to the reflection to reduce and / or slow the rate of deforestation and degradation of so-called standing forests in the province of South Ubangi.The survey was carried out on a population of 50 households, from which we extracted a sample of 50 persons of the same sex over a period from January to July 2019.The latter led to the following results: 88% of households surveyed use charcoal as their main source of energy for cooking.
The general objective of this study is to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the garbage from the commune of BOLIKANGO in the city of Lisala, Province of Mongala and to test the adequacy of the methods of storage and elimination of this waste. To achieve this, we used the descriptive method for waste identification using living techniques such as direct or indirect observation and structured sowing interviews. Results obtained revealed the following points: Awareness of the problem by the inhabitants of the commune of BOLIKANGO. 80% of the population surveyed recognizes that the waste problem exists and that biodegradable organic matter is the main source of garbage in households. In addition to organic matter, waste made up of metals, such as sardine cans, tomatoes, spare parts for vehicles and motorcycles, cells and batteries come second. These methods enabled us to note that the solid waste produced in the commune of BOLIKANGO is badly managed with enormous risks for the health of the population, of the households all around the commune concerned.The inhabitants of the district have neither trash, nor dump at the level of their installations throw their waste directly on the ground and without service of daily collection, the inhabitants themselves take care of the sweeping and the evacuation of waste. It emerges from this study that:Garbage exists and includes a mixture of constituents, the main ones being plant waste, animal waste, waste from manufacturing products, construction accessories and human waste.The largest single quantity of garbage is produced at the central market in Lisala, i.e. 90000m3.The state service for collecting, sorting and eliminating waste in the municipality is not operational. You can see the hills of waste abandoned in some markets and others throw their waste squarely into rivers.We say that at the level of the municipality, that is to say the real ecological problems exist and because of an unhealthy environment, several contagious and infectious diseases circulate in the population because the application of the law remains not applicable everywhere in the DRC.
Low birth weight is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a birth weight strictly less than 2500g, regardless of the term of the pregnancy. It constitutes a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, by virtue of its magnitude and its strong association with infant morbidity and mortality.Our cross-sectional descriptive study analyzes the characteristics of mothers and their newborns. The target of this study consisted of all newborn babies living during the period from January to December 2019, of single fetal pregnancy.At the end of our study, we reported 242 newborns with low birth weight out of 1998 live births, ie 12.1% grouped together in low weight; very low weight and extremely very low weight.During our study, we noted that parturients who had not reached the 4 CPN were approximately 7 times more likely to have birth weights ˂1500g and this difference was statistically significant. OR = 7.60 (95% CI 1.01-57.31) Chi2 = 4.1 p = 0.04.On the socio-demographic level, 31.8% of parturients came from the Municipality of Kampemba; 83.1% were married; 37.2% were primiparous; 55.37% of NNEs were Female; Malaria predominated at 38.4% followed by urinary tract infections 17.4%; HIV infection: 1.7%.This work could help health care workers at all levels of the system to better understand the problems of low birth weight and to do more for the health of mothers and children.
Capsicum annuum is among the five domesticated species: Capsicum (frutescens, annuum, baccatum, chinense and pubescens) the most cultivated in the world. It adapts quite well to dry and hot environments. Environmental conditions have a great influence on flowering, self-fertilization and fruiting. Fleshy fruits contain seeds that maintain the diversity of the species. It is of real socio-economic importance, capable of providing a production of fruit consumed fresh or in the form of low-processed products (preserved chilli pepper, dried chilli pepper, spice, etc.) of high nutritional value essential for the survival of farmers. The study of the germination of four varieties was carried out respectively for Piquillo Pepper, Greek Pepper, California Wonder Pepper and Peperone quadrato d'asti Rosso. It begins with imbibition and ends when the percentage of water accumulated in the seed albumens of the four varieties reaches 0.362%, 0.370%, 0.364% and 0.372%, with penetration of the tegument. The latency time for all varieties is long. It is influenced by the albumen mass of the seed and by a slight tegumentary dormancy. A description of the plant of its above-ground and underground parts has been made. The determination of the amount of chlorophyll present in the cotyledonary leaves (playing an important role in the early development and growth of the seedling before the formation of true leaves) of the 4 varieties is different according to the varieties, it is 1.2; 3.6; 1.7 and 1.2.
Boujad is a Moroccan city located in the region of Beni Mellal - Khenifra, and is considered until now as a spiritual center welcoming travelers from the Kingdom in search of religious precepts. Investigations carried out in the ancient medina of this city reveal the presence of underground cavities of natural and anthropic origin, which repeatedly cause collapses and considerable human and material damage. In order to characterize the subterranean network of this city, a geophysical study was carried out by means of electrical prospecting of the subsoil, complemented by a seismic refraction investigation, in order to investigate the geological and geophysical characteristics of the underground cavities, and then to produce a detailed mapping of the anomalies detected within the ancient medina of Boujad. The geophysical investigations thus revealed a heterogeneous subsoil dominated by limestone formations and sheltering several underground anomalies, and allowed, by superimposing the maps of anomalies drawn up at the end of each technical investigation, then correlating and verifying the results collected in relation to the data from the surveys and preliminary investigations, to draw up a synthetic map of the main areas concerned by the presence of cavities which are quite varied and spread over the entire extent of the ancient medina of Boujad.
Reproductive health education is a taught knowledge that extends the vision of learning to prepare learners for literacy and citizenship. However, its integration into the curriculum is finding more difficulties and this is due to several factors. This work aims to identify the difficulties and educational needs of student midwives’ in relation to reproductive health education during the year 2018. We used the focus group technique as a data collection method. Our results highlighted the sources of information and the educational needs of our students towards reproductive health education before any teaching of this knowledge. The main sources of information for students on reproductive health education were high school, the internet, and the media. The obstacles identified were related to shortcomings in theoretical and practical training. 50 % of the students had announced that this is a taboo subject and that the population refuses to discuss it. All the students had approved the integration of reproductive and sexual health education in the Moroccan academic curricula. In addition to identifying students' educational needs, the group focus technique could be used in perspective in training engineering towards other knowledge.
This study examines the differences for transportation expenditure between weekdays and weekend consumption. The purpose of this study to find out whether the use transportation on weekdays or what commonly called a workday is different from weekend or what commonly called holiday. The data collection is used by delivering questionnaires to 100 respondents randomly. The independent t-test is used in this study to analyze the data. The results of the analysis obtained shows that there is mean difference between transportation expenditure on Weekdays and Weekend. The ttest value shows positive (+) sign to justify that weekday group (first group) has higher mean value than weekend group (second group). This study implies the policy of public transportation in increasing its quality and the habitual or culture of the community.
This article analyses the taking care of a person and his level of satisfaction when aging in KARHONGO groupement. During the old age, the person becomes dependant, with lack of autonomy (independence) during this stage of life, the vulnerability imposes itself end all this plays the role of underestimation of person for himself but also for the society, he becomes unadaptative to the environment (surroundings). These data allow to think that the fact of providing social contact to aged persons constitutes an important means to win their feeling rejection and of loneliness or privacy. Having found the weak care taking of aged persons, we have thought to carry this research in order to discover what the inhabitants of KARHONGO think in relationship with their care taking of this environment and their level of satisfaction.
Background: This article examines the vulnerability of adolescents of Benin to HIV / AIDS. It seeks to understand the measures in which certain socio-demographic and contextual variables which operationalize vulnerability shed light on the situation of adolescents in Benin.Method: To test the basic hypothesis, we compared the descriptions of 15-19 and 20-24 years olds interviewed as part of the MICS-Benin-2014 survey through descriptive and explanatory analyzes.Results: Analyzes reveal that with the exception of adolescent girls living in the most disadvantaged areas, in-depth knowledge of the sexual transmission of HIV / AIDS is generally good among adolescents. However, socio-demographic differences are less marked in terms of knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. On the other hand, many adolescents who have been tested for HIV have little regard for the result. This behavior, which is linked to the level of education and to the department for both sexes and in addition to the standard of living for adolescent girls, gives an overview of gender disparities and the extent of the gaps in obligations towards them to reduce the HIV infection.Conclusion: Develop strategies to improve knowledge about HIV and reduce the stigma on testing.
The main object of this study is to optimize the use of crushed sand from basalt aggregates and sand dune in hydraulic concrete. In this sense, we have studied a series of tests, of partial and/or total substitution of sand dune by crushed basalt sand, with a W/C ratio (water/cement) of 0.49. The study consists to assess the rheological and mechanical properties of the concretes (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6) with respective substitution rates of (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The results are then compared and discussed. The best workability is given by sand dune concrete (C1). The mechanical resistance of C6 is superior to that of C1, on the other hand the workability of C1 is greater than that of C6. The mixes based on partially substituted aggregates give the best compressive strength performance compared to those based on fully substituted aggregates (C1 or C6). Maximum compression is obtained at 20%.
This study deals with the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) of Casablanca stock exchange companies. Our investigation covers the period 2012-2017. CSR is approached by a dummy variable which takes value of 1 if the company is labeled by CGEM CSR label, and value of 0 if not. Accounting and financial performance indicators were used to assess the FP: Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Sales (ROS) and Market to Book Value (MBV). Con rol variables are measured by size, age, risk, and industry. Panel data are used as well to analyze data. Descriptive statistics, regression and correlation analyses were carried out. Findings of this study indicate mixed results which might be explained by the early stage of CSR in Morocco. Indeed, we have found a positive impact of CSR on PF, when using ROA as proxy in FP. This result supports social impact hypothesis. The study however didn’t find any impact of CSR on FP when using ROE as proxy in FP, sustaining the neutrality hypothesis. When using ROS, the relationship is found negative and supports since then the tradeoff hypothesis. The model testing the impact of CSR on MBV was not significant.
In order to meet the nutritional needs of populations, innovations have been made in the production technology of afitin, a condiment of Beninese origin made from African locust bean, intended to improve the taste of food. Among these innovations is the use of soybeans. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of the soybean variety on the quality of the manufactured product obtained. For this, the afitin was produced according to traditional technology and the microbiological, physicochemical, nutritional and sensory analyzes were performed by standard methods. The results showed that taking into account the analytical tolerance, the samples had acceptable microbiological quality. The results of the physico-chemical analyzes revealed that the water content varied from 55.35 to 57.53%. For pH, the values varied from 8.20 to 8.53 while for proteins, they were respectively 36.96, 37.15 and 36.65% for the varieties Jupiter, TGX 1951-3F and TGX 1987-62F. The Jupiter variety had the highest ash (22.47%) and calcium (2865.55mg / kg) content. As for the magnesium and potassium contents, the highest values (1593.26 mg / Kg and 7770.87mg / Kg) were obtained for the varieties TGX 1951-3F and TGX 1987-62F respectively. Organoleptic analyzes revealed a good appreciation of the samples by consumers.
The main objective of this study is to prepare activated carbon based on corn cobs with excellent adsorbent properties. To do this, a plan of experience was applied to 16 coals prepared with KOH and H3PO4 at different temperatures and concentrations. The plan of experience revealed that KOH, 1M carbon with a specific surface of 546.77 m2/g is the best. Experience has shown that H3PO4, 2M has a specific surface of 613.14 m2/g. The carbon activated by H3PO4 was characterized by determining the iodine number, the ash content, the surface functions, the pHzc and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that activated carbon has a high iodine number (674.506 mg/g) and low ash content (6%). In addition, the carbon is acidic and has a porous surface.
The rapid expansion of cashew orchards in the Diabo, Botro and Bodokro sub-prefectures in central Côte d'Ivoire is putting great pressure on vegetal cover. This situation has encountered the sustainability of farms. Thus, the objective of this research is to map the levels of vulnerability of land use units facing the spatial progression of cashew orchards in these spaces. The intention is to raise awareness among local populations and to draw the attention of decision-makers to the real threats of food insecurity and loss of forest cover in these areas. The method used comes down to spatial modeling on Arc-gis from the 2002 and 2017 land cover maps of the study area. The results show a high concentration of land use units likely to be colonized by cashew orchards near the localities. In addition, fallows are extremely vulnerable to the expansion of cashew orchards with 15,892 ha likely to be invaded by cashew trees within a 1 km radius, followed by shrub savannas with 15338 ha.
Dyeing of cotton fabric with turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract solution is an experimental dyeing method here. In this paper, we are trying to give a comparative study about the color fastness properties of turmeric dyed knit fabrics specifically color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, rubbing and saliva. Dyeing processes were completed by a common method for cotton fabrics and being compared with and without mordant. All experiments were performed according to ISO standard. We found that mordant can enhance the color fastness properties of cotton fabrics dyed with turmeric extract, comparatively better than without mordant. We also seek possibility of applying natural dyes with other synthetic dyes by experimental results.
Globalization of businesses and financial market have brought to light what is called nowadays International accounting standardization. The latter has seen the light since the initiative of Henry Benson to gather many countries around the world to prepare a core of accounting standards that could be possible to apply globally, or at least by countries who had participated in their preparation. The main purpose of this study is to analyze this phenomenon from a historical standpoint to help answer how international accounting standardization were developed and under which conditions. The main findings indicate that international accounting standardization was developed based on financial markets requirements and needs rather than purely accounting matters.
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