Michel Tournier is one of the great figures of the contemporary French novel. The subject of the child runs through almost Tournier’s all works. Tournier makes the child a marvelous, triumphant being. This ideal model of the child, which is inspired by Rousseau’s conception, designates childhood as a fullness of being and embodies an original innocence. This conception of the child is also well developed in eastern philosophy, which considers the child as a representation of strong vitality, spiritual simplicity, the desire for ignorance, the ideal paradigm of life. For the characters in Tournier’s works, the state of childhood is an ideal way of life and a fulfillment of being; they dream of returning to this state of childlike innocence in order to attain an ideal of happiness.

The distribution of water and the billing of user consumption remain a major difficulty that the Régie de Distribution d’Eau of the Democratic Republic of Congo, REGIDESO in acronym, has been trying to overcome for several years, because this does not allow the Congolese State to maximize revenue on the one hand, and on the other hand, users are victims of over-invoicing, classified in the category of flat-rate invoicing, given that REGIDESO has no effective means of management of water distribution and users. In the context of the province of Lualaba, in the city of Kolwezi which presents a fast demographic growth, and which knows many problems related to the management of water consumption, this study relates to the installation of a system of distribution and monitoring of water consumption using Internet of Things sensors to control and manage installations remotely.

This study on the impact of agriculture was carried out in the province of central Kongo, precisely in the territory of Kimvula. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate tha the lack of supervision of peasants, the poor condition of the roads means that the vehicles of traders no longer arrived at Kimvula, this handicaps the development of peasant agriculture in the area under study. To do this, we have used the following methods and techniques: analytical, inductive ant interview survey. The results showed that the territory of Kimvula has an agriculture that does not have a positive impact on economic development due to low production. Indeed, we note that agricultural production in 2020 and 2022 has either deteriorated or fallen to worrying proportions. This situation has negatively influenced the standard of living of the population.This means that agricultural production in Kimvula has not been able to feed its population and therefore ensure its own food security. Mainly due to low production. The majority of Kimvula households have low incomes and therefore low purchasing power and uncomfortable living conditions.

Innovation and its dynamics are topics rarely discussed in the field of agri-food processing and in relation to soybean. This article fills this gap by taking stock of the dynamics of innovation in soybean processing in central Benin which is an area of ​​concentration of soybean-related activities. Data required were collected with a questionnaire and interview and observation guides from women processors and resource persons, of varying ages and seniority in the field of soybean agri-food processing. The data were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed to take stock of the innovations that occurred. The study results highlight innovations related to the variety of soybeans used which moved from exclusive use of the local variety called klomikouin to the concomitant use of Klomikouin and the improved variety called TGX. Product and process innovations recorded increased from 13 between 1980 and 2013 to 26 over the period of 1980 to 2020. In total, 0.5 to 2 product innovations were recorded per year along the food processing chain, and 80% of them came from intervention organisations, which highlights the weakness of the innovation potential of the women processors alone. The article suggests that an appropriate system for promoting both the innovation potential of processors and those of intervention organisations could qualitatively and quantitatively diversify and strengthen innovations relating to soybeans.

Rabies is a deadly disease that can spread between mammals. Morocco is a rabies-endemic country. To maintain rabies-free status, some countries require rabies antibody titration tests. This titration is subject to variation. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the factors associated with humoral response variation in rabies-vaccinated domestic cats in the context of pet movements. Factors such as the animal’s sex, its age, the laboratory, the test used (FAVN or RFFIT), the time between vaccination and rabies titration sampling, and the number of vaccinations were taken into account. Information on 959 cats was collected, and structural modeling utilizing logistic multinomial regression was used. The results showed that 57.1% of the cats had a titer exceeding 10 IU/ml, 32.1% had a moderate response (3

Research on pastoralism has been the subject of scientific publications. This article examines collaborative research patterns in the field of pastoralism. The study is based on a bibliographic analysis of 855 publications extracted from the Lens.org database, covering the period from 1905 to 2023. Trend and network analyses were employed within this study. The results highlight an increase in the number of publications over the years, covering diverse themes. Furthermore, recent years have shown a notable rise in the number of publications, indicating an intensification of publishing activity in the pastoralism domain. Collaborative efforts, in terms of coauthors, have mainly centered around authors affiliated with the same scientific and research institution, or operating within closely related or similar scientific disciplines. These findings suggest the necessity of actively encouraging interdisciplinary research collaborations, supported by funding organizations, in order to effectively address challenges related to pastoralism in a sustainable manner. Given the cross-border nature of pastoralism, promoting collaboration among researchers sharing the same borders would contribute to better addressing emerging themes in this development field.

In many fields, different elements (mechanical, electronic, electromechanical, etc.) come into play independently to ensure the overall operation of devices/machines: electrical cables, gears, bearings, pulleys, etc. In maintenance operations, the signals from these different elements in operation are often a mixture of multiple contributions, the level of complexity of which may vary, for example, depending on the measurement point, during the data acquisition stage. There may be a number of reasons for wanting to access only the signal from a particular component (e.g., to monitor service life, diagnose the faulty part and/or predict the time remaining before a serious breakdown), rather than all the contributions measured. It is therefore essential to have a range of tools to enable us to remove harmful signals (sometimes called noise). This article presents some techniques for separating discrete and random components.

This study evaluates the contamination by heavy metals of the grounds taken in four of the public landfills in the districts of Brazzaville. Soil samples taken at a depth of 25 cm first underwent some physical treatment (drying, sieving and grinding) before undergoing physicochemical analyzes and determination of heavy metals by ICP-OES. Physicochemical analyzes showed that Landfill soils are heavily contaminated with heavy metals: lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). The highest levels of these heavy metals are as follows: lead (220 mg/kg) in the soils of the Tsiémé landfill; chromium (13000 mg/kg), cobalt (160 mg/kg), nickel (7500 mg/kg) and zinc (12000 mg/kg) in the soils of the Diata landfill and mercury (0.66 mg/kg) in the soils of the Moukondo landfill. Mercury is also present in these four landfills but in small quantities.

Effluents from the textile industry and artisanal dyeing contaminate water resources. The objective of this work is to eliminate the dye safranin from the aqueous medium by adsorption on natural materials. The clay used comes from Daloa in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. It is ground and then dry sieved on a column of sieves with a diameter of between 45 μm and 2 mm. The balls are made with the diameter fraction between 45 and 125 μm. Thus, 40 mL of distilled water is added to 100 g of clay powder. The balls obtained (approximately 0.5 cm in diameter) are dried in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours, then calcined in the oven at 500°C for 2 hours. The experimental device is a glass column 64.4 cm high and 2.9 cm inside diameter surmounted by a separating funnel containing the solution to be treated. The samples from the adsorption tests are analyzed using an AQUALYTIC 800 brand UV-visible spectrophotometer. Mathematical models are applied to model the breakthrough curves. The results showed that breakthrough time and adsorption capacity increase with bed height (60, 240 and 420 min respectively for 8, 16 and 24 cm) and decrease with flow rate (240, 90 and 30 min respectively). for 2, 3 and 4 mL/min). The modeling of the different breakthrough curves shows that the models applied are able to describe the entire dynamic behavior of the column.

This study aims to highlight ecological parameters, dues to interactions between specific biodiversity, biotope and human practices, at various levels of landscapes in the Bouna region. We hope to contribute to choice of ecological zonings and thus to access suitable management practices for biodiverty. The hypothesis is that, in this region, ecological parameters are higher in Massifs and mountains. Cartography of landscapes and statistics description of vegetation parameters on the scale of the large « natural regions », thus identified, give high values of biophysical indicators in Inselbergs and mountain chains region, hills with rocks on top region and in certain sectors of tabular mountains and Croups with ferricrete crusts on top where they plead for conservation of hotpost biodiversity.

The objective of this study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of surface and well water based on measurements of Temperature (T°C), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Suspended Matter (MES), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonates (HCO3-), nitrates (NO3-), nitrites (NO2-), ammonium (NH4+), Chlorides (Cl-), sulfactes (SO42-), orthophosphates (PO43-) in the Loka watershed. The physical parameters pH, EC and T were measured in situ with a WTW 3111 pH meter, a WTW 3110 conductivity meter and a WTW3110 oximeter. Chemical parameters, major elements, nutrient salts and heavy metals were all analyzed at the CIAPOL laboratory. The analysis of these parameters was carried out according to the protocol of Rodier 1994. The suspended solids (MES) were obtained by filtration on a fiberglass filter. The physicochemical analysis of the Loka watershed shows that the surface waters have an average temperature of 26.43°C. pH values vary between 5.5 and 6.8. Summary The objective of this study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of surface and well water based on measurements of Temperature (T°C), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Suspended Matter The coductivity content is between 29 ÿS/cm and 116.2 ÿS/cm, which reflects weakly mineralized waters. Nitrate concentrations observed in surface waters vary from 0.24 mg/L to 1.95 mg/L. Also, well water has a pH varying between 6.55 and 8.9 with an average of 7.35. These waters are also weakly mineralized and have nitrate contents of between 0.2 mg/L and 1.04 m/L. The average values of the different physicochemical parameters are generally below WHO quality standards. As a result, surface and well water on the whole can be used for the supply of drinking water but environmental monitoring remains important.

For electrical engineers, the transit of power between the source and the consuming load must respect the principle of balance. Unfortunately, this balance is affected by pollution of the power consumed, through the polluting loads of electrical energy. From where an instability in tension and in power appear; one of the causes of this instability corresponds to a high load. In the case of the medium voltage-low voltage network, this is due to the growing increase in demand and a large transfer. of energy between the source of energy which is the transformer cabin and the consumers, which are the subscribers of the SNEL company. The SNEL network is subject to voltage instability because the load becomes too high than expected and the risk is all the greater when the consumption of reactive energy is also greater than expected. The low voltage electricity network of the city of Kolwezi is not spared from electrical energy pollution, the quality of the voltage and the power even consumed daily leaves something to be desired and raises more questions.

In a country with a limited road network, the country has only 5,033 km of non-interconnected railways that do not have the same standards. Only 858 km of rails were electrified and served the mining region south of Katanga. The rail infrastructure of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a vital role. At a time when preserving the environment and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are major concerns, electric locomotives are emerging as an efficient and environmentally friendly option compared to other modes of transportation by offering higher efficiency.

Sorghum beer, commonly called Tchoukoutou in Togo is a popular loved local beer in several African countries. However, the manufacturing conditions of this beer are still artisanal and this drink suffers from a lack of hygiene, reproducibility in the manufacturing chain and analysis of several parameters. Thus, in order to control quality and health safety, the physico- chemical and microbiological parameters of the samples of three different productions of local beers produced in Kara were analyzed. By that way, pH-metry, densimetry, colorimetry, alcoholometry, spectrophotometry, manometry and fresh state followed by counting on agar are methods used to determine respectively pH, density, volatile acidity and total acidity, alcohol content, sugar content, carbon dioxide content and microbiological quality of beer. Four samples of beer have been collected from sellers, and have been analyzed: these are two beers of type «Kabyè-Missine», a beer of type «Tchakpalo» and the fermented must of type «Kabyè-missine». The results showed that these beers have a pH between 1.92 0.01 and 2.67 0.00, a density that varies between 1.0063 0.0001 and 1.0248 0.0003, an alcohol content between 3.45 0.03 and 7.48 0.05. The microbiological analysis revealed that Saccharomyces yeast strains are present in all beverages, and unidentified wild yeast strains are also present in 3 out of 4 beverages. All drinks contain lactic acid and acetic bacteria. This study which is the first on the local drinks of the city of Kara will be deepened by complementary analyses such as the counting of other microorganisms, the detection possibly of methanol, tastings to assess the organoleptic quality of these drinks and the search for stabilization methods.

The donkey (equus asinus) is traditionally considered a faithful companion of man. This horse of proverbial robustness is bred mainly for its services (transport, traction). It is also prized for its skin and, increasingly, for its meat. This study aims to study the emergence of donkey meat markets in the city of Kaélé in (Far North Cameroon. The methodological approach combines documentary research, field observations, surveys by questionnaire, interviews, cartographic surveys, and timing. Analysis of the data collected reveals the presence of eleven main markets run mainly by moundang and mafa butchers whose activities are influenced by the sarki pawa, the commune of Kaélé, and the head of the zootechnical and veterinary center of Kaélé. Grilled meat (48%) and fresh meat (32%) are the most popular and constitute an alternative to the high cost of livestock meat. Similarly, the marketing of donkey meat makes it possible to generate significant income allowing actors to meet some of their essential needs. However, the question of the balance between economic development and the preservation of biodiversity deserves to be posed for careful examination.