Mushroom cultivation needs a selected organic substrate obtained during a composting process which is, in some aspects, quite different from the classical one. The aim is to analyse chemical and physical aspects of a composting process for mushroom cultivation in order to point out the peculiar characteristics, which enable a much faster preparation of the substrate. Raw materials were straw, chicken manure, gypsum and ammonium sulphate. In a very short time (11-13 days) the process led to a well-stabilised biomass, as it was shown by humification indexes, C/N ratio trend, organic carbon oxidation and ammonia nitrogen concentration decrease.
In comparison to the classical composting procedure, a lower level of ammonia nitrogen and an organic nitrogen enrichment were present in the compost for mushroom cultivation. In addition, the high level of the substrate moisture, more than 75%, well above the limit normally recommended, has probably favoured the microbial growth rendering the process more efficient and faster.
Using principal components analysis, this research examines main factors in members of parliament’s election by intellectuals in Butembo, North-Kivu town, in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Results show that rational choice theory best explains intellectual voter’s behavior in Butembo. Their choice was mainly determined by the intellectual capacity of the candidate to represent people at 73.9%, by development realizations at 52.2 %, and by his professional and political experience (42.6%). Among the 14 reasons considered in the study, the total explained variance prove that the three cited factors explain by themselves 40.8% of Butembo intellectuals’ vote motivations. Furthermore, this study has shown that the intellectuals can give the right diagnostic of voters in Butembo. This paper has been improved with the participation of Professor Muhindo Masivi Osée.
This work focuses on evaluation the electronic stability of the Harshaw 6600 Plus reader. For this evaluation, a control procedure of electronic components of the reader was developed to quantify normal ranges of variation and annual average trends. These are: the temperature of the nitrogen regulator thermocouple, the high voltage, the reference light, and the background noise of the photomultiplier tubes. The results show that the optimal operating values specific to our working conditions were respectively for pellet ii of 23.460C - 31.98oC; 797.1V - 798.8V; 73.10 nC - 90.29 nC; 0.037 nC - 0.44 nC; respectively for pellet (iii) of 23.680C-32.230C; 810.8V-811.6V; 78.14nC-97.95 nC. ; 0.07nC-0.31 nC; an evolution rates, not significant below 0.5% and 1% for the background of the photomultiplier tubes and the temperature of the thermocouple; constant 0.05% of the high voltage; not significant above 2% for the reference light parameter for positions (ii) and (iii) were respectively observed between years.
The high voltage and the photomultiplier exhibited stability during all the time of our study, on the other hand certain parameters like the temperature of the thermocouple, the reference light sometimes presented instabilities. Overall, the current state of our system is satisfactory for its continued use.
La présente étude a porté sur la problématique de la mévente et de la transformation de la tomate au Burkina Faso. En prenant le cas de la production de la tomate au barrage de Toecé dans la province du Passoré, cette étude a pour objectif de démontrer que la communication peut, de diverses manières contribuer à une amélioration de la situation de la vente et de la transformation de la tomate au Burkina Faso.
Des résultats de cette étude, on retient principalement que les barrières linguistiques, les intermédiaires lors de la vente des tomates et le manque d’unités de transformation à l’échelle nationale sont les véritables problèmes qui mine le secteur de la tomate. Des solutions allant de d’actions à des innovations de nouvelles technologies de la communication ont été proposées face à la problématique de cette étude.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of farmers' willingness to pay (CAP) amounts for the use of microdose technology components on farms in the Kourittenga and Zondoma provinces of Burkina Faso. Faced with the precariousness of the productivity of their lands, farmers make investments in the practice of innovative microdose technology to improve and maintain the productive capital of crop plots. However, the factors determining the amounts granted for the practice of the components are little known. The literature in this area is generally focused on the perception of technology adoption and less on the determinants of investment and willingness to pay. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of farmers' willingness to pay (CAP) amounts for the use of microdose technology components on farms in the Kourittenga and Zondoma provinces of Burkina Faso. A survey was conducted among 360 farm households in municipalities in both provinces and the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Heckman's two-stage selection model was used for this study The results of the analysis revealed that: experience in microdose technique, social status, area, land tenure and distance from fields are factors influencing willingness to pay reported by farming households for the practice of the components 'Stony Cordons + Compost + Microdose'; the 'Zai + Compost + Microdose' and the 'Zaï + Manure + Microdose'. While household size, available area, level of education, literacy and farm income influence the amounts reported by farmers. However, the great heterogeneity of farmers' characteristics and the different contexts impose case-by-case options in order to take into account local specificities.
The current study involves the effect of zeta potential and magnetic field on the physical properties (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, contact angel and surface tension) so as the absorbance by (UV-Visible) on the water in order to compared with them. Also, the use three magnetic devices with different intensities (1000, 2500, 5000) Gauss and zeta rod (ZRS-R) with constant voltage (30±) Kv. The operation system in zeta rod depended on re-cycling the water and sampling during (30, 60, 90) min, but in magnetic treatments were used the water directly after magnetized it. The physical tests showed a clear improvement in the properties of water especially in the surface tension and contact angel about 10% of the original value to the zeta rod treatment and 15% for magnetic treatment in the intensity 5000 Gauss also the results showed the increasing in absorbance, TDS, CON comparing with untreated water. The obvious improvement of the water physical properties approve that magnetic treatment is more effective about7% than zeta rod, especially in the high intensities.
The present study was conducted to investigate the biological degradation of Zearalenone using by Iraqi probiotic 2% (w/v) and yeast filtrate of Saccharomyces boulardii using one of the mammalian system (white mouse ) which had an active influence in removing or reduction of toxic effects of mycotoxin Zearalenone on liver and kidney tissues of males white mice that extracted from fungal isolate Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone at concentration (2 mg / kg body weight) . As observed a clear improvement in liver and kidney tissues for group of mice that fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone with Iraqi probiotic and yeast filtrate compared with positive control ( group of mice fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone ) that caused the histological changes in liver and kidney tissues ,which represented by congestion vascular with necrosis and degeneration in hepatic cells in addition to reduction in glycoprotein granules. While, the histological changes in kidney tissue included congestion vascular and degeneration in distal and proximal tubules.
The results of liver enzymes showed significant differences in positive group for three enzymes ALS , ALT and ALP reached ( 15.66, 14.66, 25.66 ) IU/ L respectively, compared with negative control (group of mice did not fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone ) which reached for three enzymes ALS , ALT and ALP (15.66,22.00,13.33) IU/ L respectively. However, the results of the interaction between mice fed contaminated diet by Fusarium graminearum produced Zearalenone with Iraqi probiotic and yeast filtrate were shown significant increasing for ALS, ALT, ALP enzymes in addition to urea concentrations in kidney tissue compared with positive control.
Digitalization of agriculture may be a solution to feed a huge growing population in the future. Application of big data is a key tool to digitalize the agriculture sector. Though there is a long debate on its applicability to agriculture, this study aims to address how big data technology contribute to digital agriculture in terms of sustainable farm management. The study uses an extensive review of current research work and studies in agriculture for exploring the best and compatible practices which can help farmers at field level for increasing production and improving quality. This study reveals several available big data technologies and practices in agriculture for solving the current problems and future challenges at the field level. The study reveals that application of big data technologies in agriculture is growing but still at low level. It also explores that there are a few technologies used for crop production, plant protection, livestock production, fisheries, post-harvest management and market development. The study finds out some challenges such as privacy of data, data availability, quality and openness, financial investment, lack of expertise and context specific technology. The study recommends that a large-scale adoption of agricultural big data technologies require government initiatives, a public-private partnership, the openness of data, financial investment and regional basis research work.
Street vendors go on an essential role to fulfill the demands of many urban rural dwellers as well as pedestrian across the country and all over the world. The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of small entrepreneurship and its contribution to poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihood. A quantitative oriented qualitative mixed method has been applied in this study. The study reveals that a large number of people are directly and indirectly engaged with the street vendor profession and are contributing to the economy of Bangladesh. Three ideas constitute the central message of this study. Firstly, a large number of people are generating income through street vending by which the ways and means for developing street entrepreneurship. Secondly, this small entrepreneurship has a great contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable livelihood of many street vendors. Thirdly, this study has explored the obstacles faced by street vendors in Bangladesh. Some problems of city dwellers are created by street vending such as lack of formalization, weak management system, producing street garbage and gathering crowd on the footpath. By the implementation of the proper public management system, street vendors would become a role model for the national economy.
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