Cashew (Anacardium occidentale (L.), Anacardiaceae), a forest plant initially became a cash crop. The national production is in clear progression with the extension of cultivated surfaces. However, the yield remains low. This study aims to assess the situation of producers and cashew nut orchards in the regions of Bounkani and Gontougo. The plantations of selected producers have been visited. An investigation sheet has been completed. Some parameters related to producers and plots were evaluated. Eight sub-prefectures were visited and 240 producers interviewed. The age of the producers was between 30 and 50 years old and 61 to 67% of the producers were uneducated. Average densities of orchards visited ranged from 724 to 769 plants / ha. The highest yield of cashew nuts was obtained in orchards between 21 and 30 years old in the Gontougo region (356.72 Kg / ha). In the plantations visited, only herbicides were used as phytosanitary products. 3.70% of peasants used fertilizers in orchards. Asked about the presence of disease in orchards, 54.17% of producers in the Gontougo region and 51.24% in Bounkani found the diseases. On the other hand, at the level of the 73.96 and 97.52% pests respectively in the plantations of Gontougo and Bounkani observed the presence of pests in their orchards. The annual production of cashew was strongly influenced by the density of plantations.

Phoma sabdariffae Sacc. (Sphaerioidaceae) is the main pathogenic fungus agent of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. sabdariffa), in Gabon. It does induce wet rot on every part of the infected plant's organs. This work was initiated to evaluate in greenhouse the impact of this pathogenic fungus agent on 13 roselle cultivars through the study of some morphological and biochemical parameters of the fruits. Morphological parameters evaluated have been fruit's number, weight and contamination rate. Concerning biochemical study, parameters measured have been roselle fruit's acidity, proteins and phenolics compounds levels. The results revealed that excepted 3 cultivars VV1, RV1 and RR1, Phoma sabdariffae caused significant decrease in the fruits number and weight of most of the roselle's cultivars. The decrease rates have been higher than 60% and 20% respectively. The improvement in acidity, protein and phenolics compounds levels were not significant, in contrary to those of the 3 cultivars above mentioned. In these 3 roselle's cultivars, biochemical parameters (pH, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, proteins and phenolics compounds) levels have been superior to 20%. This work showed the disastrous impact of this fungus on the roselle's fructification and revealed that, some of the cultivars of roselle bright develop resistance mechanisms against Phoma sabdariffae.