Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2014, Pages 1909–1914
Ghulam Nabi1, Yousaf Khan2, Rahim Ullah3, Sana Ullah4, and Ghufran5
1 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Zia Udin Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
3 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
4 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
5 Department of Pharmacology, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The current study was aimed to analyze the ill effects of chronic cigarette, marijuana and marijuana plus cigarette smoking on the reproductive health of addicted men. The study was carried out in district Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). Four groups were made. These groups were control, cigarette smokers, marijuana smokers and marijuana plus cigarette smokers. Each group included 15 participants. Their age range was 30 to 40 years. A questionnaire was filled and blood samples were analyzed for serum total testosterone level by using Bio-check (USA) kit. A significantly reduced testosterone level was found in cigarette smokers (Mean
Author Keywords: Cigarette, marijuana, testosterone, reproductive health, District Lower Dir.
Ghulam Nabi1, Yousaf Khan2, Rahim Ullah3, Sana Ullah4, and Ghufran5
1 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Zia Udin Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
3 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
4 Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
5 Department of Pharmacology, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The current study was aimed to analyze the ill effects of chronic cigarette, marijuana and marijuana plus cigarette smoking on the reproductive health of addicted men. The study was carried out in district Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). Four groups were made. These groups were control, cigarette smokers, marijuana smokers and marijuana plus cigarette smokers. Each group included 15 participants. Their age range was 30 to 40 years. A questionnaire was filled and blood samples were analyzed for serum total testosterone level by using Bio-check (USA) kit. A significantly reduced testosterone level was found in cigarette smokers (Mean
Author Keywords: Cigarette, marijuana, testosterone, reproductive health, District Lower Dir.
How to Cite this Article
Ghulam Nabi, Yousaf Khan, Rahim Ullah, Sana Ullah, and Ghufran, “Effects of chronic cigarette and marijuana smoking on reproductive health,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1909–1914, December 2014.
