[ Enquête sur la pharmacopée des bonobos (Pan paniscus, Primates) dans un foyer endémique et Mise en évidence de l'activité anti-drépanocytaire chez un taxon végétal (Treculia africana Decne ex Trécul, Moraceae) testé in vitro ]
Volume 14, Issue 2, January 2016, Pages 315–326
Grégoire E. Ekutsu1, Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua2, Mathieu B. Bolaa3, Pius T. Mpiana4, Bokolombe P. Ngoy5, Masengo C. Ashande6, Damien S.T. Tshibangu7, and Gédéon N. Bongo8
1 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
2 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
3 Biodiversity Team Leader, Mai-Ndombe REDD+ project, Ecosystem Restorate Associate, Wildlife Works, Inongo, RD Congo
4 Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
5 Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Scientific Committee for Research, Conservation and the Development of Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, RD Congo
7 Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
8 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The use of great apes Pharmacopoeia or zoo-pharmacognosy is a very promising strategy for the treatment of human diseases due to the phylogenetic proximity of humans and non-human primates (NHP) as Bonobos. In total, more than 40 direct fields' observations of bonobos have been performed for five months. A high number of direct observations were recorded in August followed by September while there was less observations in June. The average size and composition of the group for August is estimated at 19 individuals with 8 males, 9 females and 2 young whereas the size recorded in September was of 12 individuals including 5 males, 6 females and 1 young. Physicochemical and blood-biochemical analysis results performed on bonobos urine within their natural habitat shown the presence of bilirubin in some urine specimens (a formation of an azo derivative with a diazonium salt). The presence of a lot of leukocytes in urine is an indication of Plasmodium infection since we are in Malaria endemic regions. These results confirm the evidence of great ape pathological condition and then these could be considered as a biological model for testing and/or validating the self-medication hypothesis and the anti-hemolytic effects of plants consumed by NHP that could be profitable to the sickle cell individuals. The survey revealed that the pharmacopoeia of bonobos of Lomako Nature Reserve consists of 35 plant species. The bioassay test showed that Treculia africana, a plant being part of the diet of the bonobos, inhibits the sickling of red blood cells in vitro in hypoxic conditions and can serve as a source of bioactive metabolites for promoting an antisickling nutritherapy in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The relationship between the pharmacopoeia of apes and sickle cell anemia is an original approach. Thus, it opens up new perspectives for the treatment of this hemoglobinopathy through modulating effects of secondary metabolites of plant origin on the epi-genome.
Author Keywords: Zoo-pharmacognosy, bonobo, Treculia africana, Sickle cell Disease, DR Congo.
Volume 14, Issue 2, January 2016, Pages 315–326
Grégoire E. Ekutsu1, Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua2, Mathieu B. Bolaa3, Pius T. Mpiana4, Bokolombe P. Ngoy5, Masengo C. Ashande6, Damien S.T. Tshibangu7, and Gédéon N. Bongo8
1 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
2 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
3 Biodiversity Team Leader, Mai-Ndombe REDD+ project, Ecosystem Restorate Associate, Wildlife Works, Inongo, RD Congo
4 Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
5 Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
6 Scientific Committee for Research, Conservation and the Development of Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, RD Congo
7 Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
8 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The use of great apes Pharmacopoeia or zoo-pharmacognosy is a very promising strategy for the treatment of human diseases due to the phylogenetic proximity of humans and non-human primates (NHP) as Bonobos. In total, more than 40 direct fields' observations of bonobos have been performed for five months. A high number of direct observations were recorded in August followed by September while there was less observations in June. The average size and composition of the group for August is estimated at 19 individuals with 8 males, 9 females and 2 young whereas the size recorded in September was of 12 individuals including 5 males, 6 females and 1 young. Physicochemical and blood-biochemical analysis results performed on bonobos urine within their natural habitat shown the presence of bilirubin in some urine specimens (a formation of an azo derivative with a diazonium salt). The presence of a lot of leukocytes in urine is an indication of Plasmodium infection since we are in Malaria endemic regions. These results confirm the evidence of great ape pathological condition and then these could be considered as a biological model for testing and/or validating the self-medication hypothesis and the anti-hemolytic effects of plants consumed by NHP that could be profitable to the sickle cell individuals. The survey revealed that the pharmacopoeia of bonobos of Lomako Nature Reserve consists of 35 plant species. The bioassay test showed that Treculia africana, a plant being part of the diet of the bonobos, inhibits the sickling of red blood cells in vitro in hypoxic conditions and can serve as a source of bioactive metabolites for promoting an antisickling nutritherapy in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The relationship between the pharmacopoeia of apes and sickle cell anemia is an original approach. Thus, it opens up new perspectives for the treatment of this hemoglobinopathy through modulating effects of secondary metabolites of plant origin on the epi-genome.
Author Keywords: Zoo-pharmacognosy, bonobo, Treculia africana, Sickle cell Disease, DR Congo.
Abstract: (french)
Le recours à la pharmacopée des grands singes ou zoo-pharmacognosie est une stratégie très prometteuse pour la prise en charge des maladies humaines du fait de la proximité phylogénétique de l'homme et des primates non humains (PNH) tel que les Bonobos. Au total, plus de 40 observations directes de bonobos pendant cinq mois. Le mois d'août a enregistré un taux élevé de nombre d'observation directe suivi de mois de septembre alors que le mois de juin a eu un faible taux de nombre d'observation. La taille et la composition moyenne du groupe pour le mois d'août est évaluée à 19 individus dont 8 mâles, 9 femelles et 2 jeunes alors que le mois de septembre a enregistré une taille moyenne de 12 individus dont 5 mâles, 6 femelles et 1 jeune. Les résultats des analyses physico-chimiques et hémato-biochimiques effectuées sur les urines des bonobos dans leur habitat naturel ont montré que les urines de quelques specimens contiennent la biluribine (formation d'un dérivé azoique avec un sel de diazonium). La présence de beaucoup de leucocytes dans l'urine est une indication d'infections plasmodiales étant donné que nous sommes en régions d'endémie palustre. Ces résultats confirment l'évidence d'un état pathologique chez ces grands singes et ces derniers peuvent alors être considérés comme modèle biologique pour tester et/ou valider l'hypothèse d'automédication et d'effets anti-hémolytiques possibles des plantes consommées par les PNH et qui pourraient être bénéfiques aux sujets drépanocytaires. L'enquête réalisée révèle que la pharmacopée des bonobos de la réserve naturelle de Lomako est constituée de 35 espèces végétales. Le test biologique a montré que Treculia africana, plante faisant parti de la diète des bonobos, inhibe la falciformation in vitro des globules rouges SS en conditions d'hypoxie et peut ainsi servir de source des métabolites bioactifs pour la promotion d'une nutrithérapie anti-drépanocytaire en République Démocratique du Congo. La relation entre la pharmacopée des grands singes et la drépanocytose est une approche originale. Elle ouvre ainsi des nouvelles perspectives pour la prise en charge de cette hémoglobinopathie grâce aux effets modulateurs des métabolites secondaires d'origine végétale sur l'épi-génome.
Author Keywords: Zoo-pharmacognosie, bonobo, Treculia africana, Drépanocytose, RD Congo.
How to Cite this Article
Grégoire E. Ekutsu, Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Mathieu B. Bolaa, Pius T. Mpiana, Bokolombe P. Ngoy, Masengo C. Ashande, Damien S.T. Tshibangu, and Gédéon N. Bongo, “Survey on the bonobos (Pan paniscus, Primates) pharmacopoeia in an endemic area and in vitro antisickling activity of a plant taxon (Treculia africana Decne ex Trécul, Moraceae),” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 315–326, January 2016.
