[ La problématique des espaces ruraux non intégrés : Une approche géo-sociale des territoires de Kasangulu, Kimvula et Madimba, dans la province du Kongo Central, en République Démocratique du Congo ]
Volume 24, Issue 3, October 2018, Pages 1209–1219
Marie Honorine Lugangu1, Constantin Kakese Kunyima2, Lambert Binzangi Kamalandua3, and Jules ALONI KOMANDA4
1 Doctorante à l’Université de Kinshasa, Chef des Travaux à l’ISP/Mbanza-Ngungu (Kongo Central), Mbanza-Ngungu, RD Congo
2 Département de Géosciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, RD Congo
3 Département de Géographie - Sciences de l’Environnement (Kinshasa), Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique Nationale, Kinshasa, RD Congo
4 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Sciences de la terre, B.P 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2018 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The study took place in the rural areas of Kasangulu, Kimvula and Madimba (the former district of Lukaya) in order to access the topical organization of rural world, in a country where official data are rather unusual. This study allows to bring out resources and constraints of the studied areas, according to geographical and social point of view, in order to solve the problem of social and economical non integration. The observation method and the system method, using Arc-view and Arc-Gis softwares, have been used for data processing and maps elaboration. The rural areas of Kasangulu, Kimvula and Madimba in the province of Kongo Central have huge natural resources (potential). The climate and the soil accept crops that serve as basic food-stuffs for the population. These resources are undergoing anthropogenic aggression and are therefore in ecological imbalance due to a management that is ancestral rather than ecological: slash-and-burn farming is practiced from one location to another, land tenure empowers nobody as to the maintenance of the productivity of land assets, people tend to work on the steepest slopes, the forest and the savannah are burned every year. Additionally, there is a standing request from Kinshasa, the Capital of Democratic Republic of Congo for energy wood in the form of coal (makala) and firewood (nkuni). All these activities have led to deforestation, soil depletion, reduced agricultural yields, gradual disappearance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and the impoverishment of the indigenous population. The social and economical non integration results from the fact that in production implements, in transportation and hydroelectric infrastructures, there is no sufficient investment in favour of rural populations. Natural resources and agricultural productions are not more sufficient and the evacuation towards big centres of consumption, instead of multiplying the populations wealth of the studied areas, creates a shortage. Decision makers are then invited to play their role to help the rural population develop itself harmoniously by minimizing constraints.
Author Keywords: DRC, forest, natural resources, rural, sustainable development.
Volume 24, Issue 3, October 2018, Pages 1209–1219
Marie Honorine Lugangu1, Constantin Kakese Kunyima2, Lambert Binzangi Kamalandua3, and Jules ALONI KOMANDA4
1 Doctorante à l’Université de Kinshasa, Chef des Travaux à l’ISP/Mbanza-Ngungu (Kongo Central), Mbanza-Ngungu, RD Congo
2 Département de Géosciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, RD Congo
3 Département de Géographie - Sciences de l’Environnement (Kinshasa), Faculté des Sciences, Université Pédagogique Nationale, Kinshasa, RD Congo
4 Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Sciences de la terre, B.P 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2018 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The study took place in the rural areas of Kasangulu, Kimvula and Madimba (the former district of Lukaya) in order to access the topical organization of rural world, in a country where official data are rather unusual. This study allows to bring out resources and constraints of the studied areas, according to geographical and social point of view, in order to solve the problem of social and economical non integration. The observation method and the system method, using Arc-view and Arc-Gis softwares, have been used for data processing and maps elaboration. The rural areas of Kasangulu, Kimvula and Madimba in the province of Kongo Central have huge natural resources (potential). The climate and the soil accept crops that serve as basic food-stuffs for the population. These resources are undergoing anthropogenic aggression and are therefore in ecological imbalance due to a management that is ancestral rather than ecological: slash-and-burn farming is practiced from one location to another, land tenure empowers nobody as to the maintenance of the productivity of land assets, people tend to work on the steepest slopes, the forest and the savannah are burned every year. Additionally, there is a standing request from Kinshasa, the Capital of Democratic Republic of Congo for energy wood in the form of coal (makala) and firewood (nkuni). All these activities have led to deforestation, soil depletion, reduced agricultural yields, gradual disappearance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and the impoverishment of the indigenous population. The social and economical non integration results from the fact that in production implements, in transportation and hydroelectric infrastructures, there is no sufficient investment in favour of rural populations. Natural resources and agricultural productions are not more sufficient and the evacuation towards big centres of consumption, instead of multiplying the populations wealth of the studied areas, creates a shortage. Decision makers are then invited to play their role to help the rural population develop itself harmoniously by minimizing constraints.
Author Keywords: DRC, forest, natural resources, rural, sustainable development.
Abstract: (french)
L’étude s’est déroulée dans les territoires de Kasangulu, Kimvula et Madimba (l’ancien district de la Lukaya), dans le but d’évaluer l’organisation actuelle du monde rural, dans un pays où les données officielles sont plutôt rares. Cette étude permet de dégager les potentialités et les contraintes de ces territoires étudiés, du point de vue géo-sociale, pour résoudre le problème de non-intégration socio-économique. La méthode d’observation et la méthode systémique, utilisant les logiciels Arc-view et Arc-GIS, ont été utilisées pour le traitement des données et l’élaboration des cartes géographiques. Les résultats montrent que les territoires ruraux de Kasangulu, Kimvula et Madimba dans la province du Kongo Central regorgent de plusieurs potentialités (ressources) naturelles. Le climat et le sol acceptent les cultures qui servent de base alimentaire à la population. Ces ressources subissent actuellement une agression anthropique, et sont de ce fait en déséquilibre écologique, causé par une gestion plutôt ancestrale qu’écologique: l’agriculture y est itinérante sur brûlis, le régime foncier ne responsabilise personne quant à l’entretien de la productivité du patrimoine foncier, on travaille selon la plus forte pente ; la forêt et la savane brûlent annuellement. A cela s’ajoute une demande permanente de Kinshasa, la Capitale, en énergie - bois sous forme de charbon (makala) et bois de chauffe (nkuni). L’ensemble de ces activités a conduit à la déforestation, à l’appauvrissement du sol, à la réduction de rendements agricoles, à la disparition progressive des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) et à l’appauvrissement de la population autochtone. La non -intégration socio-économique résulte du fait qu’en matière d’outils de production, d’infrastructures de transport et hydroélectriques, on n’a pas suffisamment investi en faveur des populations rurales. Les ressources naturelles et les productions agricoles ne sont donc plus suffisantes et leur évacuation vers les grands centres de consommation, au lieu de multiplier les richesses des populations des territoires étudiés, crée plutôt la pénurie. Les décideurs sont alors invités à jouer leur rôle, pour aider la population rurale à se développer harmonieusement, en minimisant les contraintes.
Author Keywords: RDC, Forêt, Ressources naturelles, Rural, Développement durable.
How to Cite this Article
Marie Honorine Lugangu, Constantin Kakese Kunyima, Lambert Binzangi Kamalandua, and Jules ALONI KOMANDA, “The problems of non-integrated rural spaces : A geo-social approach to Kasangulu, Kimvula and Madimba areas, in the Kongo central province, in Democratic Republic of Congo,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1209–1219, October 2018.
