[ Tendance des émissions anthropiques des substances appauvrissant la couche d’ozone (SAO) et de leurs substituts au Togo de 1995-2018 ]
Volume 33, Issue 3, August 2021, Pages 565–578
Ayassou Koffi1, Kokou SABI2, and Koriko Moursalou3
1 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515, Lomé, Togo
2 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique (LCA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
3 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515, Lomé, Togo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2021 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Being a Party to the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment, Togo has made a commitment to phase out its Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and their substitutes according to well-defined timetables. The country therefore needs to inventory its emissions in order to determine the progress made. To support Togo in this process and contribute to the preservation of the ozone layer, this thesis study aims to analyze the status and trends of Togo's emissions in ODS and ODS substitutes for the time series 1995-2018. The methodology used is that recommended in the Montreal Protocol guidelines on data collection and analysis as well as on ODS estimates. Based on the parameters and emission rates obtained after a field survey, the calculated emissions are closer to the actual emissions. Thus, emissions of ODS and their substitutes in 2018 in Togo are respectively estimated at 121.631 Gg CO2-e and 641.409 Gg CO2-e. From 1995 to 2018, trends in CFC-11 and CFC-115 emissions experienced annual growth rates of -4.17% while the decline in CFC-12 emissions was around -4.13% and that HCFC-22 emissions were growing annually at a rate of 4.16%. As for the HFCs which were only introduced in 2013 in Togo, the trends in their emissions are estimated at nearly 31.4% compared to 1995. From these results, it appears that CFCs are completely replaced by HCFCs and HFCs whose emissions are increasing sharply. Togo will have to further strengthen surveillance of illicit imports of ODS at its borders and strengthen the capacity of refrigeration technicians who release significant F-gases into the atmosphere.
Author Keywords: Ozone layer, Emission, Elimination, Substitutes, Atmosphere, Gas-F.
Volume 33, Issue 3, August 2021, Pages 565–578
Ayassou Koffi1, Kokou SABI2, and Koriko Moursalou3
1 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515, Lomé, Togo
2 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique (LCA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
3 Laboratoire de Chimie Atmosphérique, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515, Lomé, Togo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2021 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Being a Party to the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment, Togo has made a commitment to phase out its Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and their substitutes according to well-defined timetables. The country therefore needs to inventory its emissions in order to determine the progress made. To support Togo in this process and contribute to the preservation of the ozone layer, this thesis study aims to analyze the status and trends of Togo's emissions in ODS and ODS substitutes for the time series 1995-2018. The methodology used is that recommended in the Montreal Protocol guidelines on data collection and analysis as well as on ODS estimates. Based on the parameters and emission rates obtained after a field survey, the calculated emissions are closer to the actual emissions. Thus, emissions of ODS and their substitutes in 2018 in Togo are respectively estimated at 121.631 Gg CO2-e and 641.409 Gg CO2-e. From 1995 to 2018, trends in CFC-11 and CFC-115 emissions experienced annual growth rates of -4.17% while the decline in CFC-12 emissions was around -4.13% and that HCFC-22 emissions were growing annually at a rate of 4.16%. As for the HFCs which were only introduced in 2013 in Togo, the trends in their emissions are estimated at nearly 31.4% compared to 1995. From these results, it appears that CFCs are completely replaced by HCFCs and HFCs whose emissions are increasing sharply. Togo will have to further strengthen surveillance of illicit imports of ODS at its borders and strengthen the capacity of refrigeration technicians who release significant F-gases into the atmosphere.
Author Keywords: Ozone layer, Emission, Elimination, Substitutes, Atmosphere, Gas-F.
Abstract: (french)
Etant Partie prenante au Protocole de Montréal et à l’Amendement de Kigali, le Togo a pris l’engagement d’éliminer progressivement ses Substances Appauvrissant la Couche d’Ozone (SAO) ainsi que leurs substituts suivant des calendriers bien définis. Le Pays a, de ce fait, besoin d’inventorier ses émissions afin de déterminer les progrès réalisés. Pour accompagner le Togo dans ce processus et contribuer à la préservation de la couche d’ozone, la présente étude de thèse s’est fixée pour objectif d’analyser le statut et les tendances des émissions du Togo en SAO et en substituts de SAO pour la série temporelle 1995-2018. La méthodologie utilisée est celle recommandées dans les lignes directrices du Protocole de Montréal sur la collecte et l’analyse des données ainsi que sur les estimations de SAO. Sur la base des paramètres et taux d’émission obtenus après enquête sur le terrain, les émissions calculées sont plus rapprochées des émissions réelles. Ainsi, les émissions de SAO et de leurs substituts en 2018 au Togo sont respectivement estimées à 121,631 Gg CO2-e et à 641,409 Gg CO2-e. De 1995 à 2018, les tendances des émissions de CFC-11 et de CFC-115 ont connu des taux d’accroissement annuel de -4,17% alors que la décroissance des émissions de CFC-12 envoisinait -4,13% et que les émissions de HCFC-22 croissaient annuellement avec un taux de 4,16%. Quant aux HFCs qui ne sont introduits qu’en 2013 au Togo, les tendances de leurs émissions sont estimées à près de 31,4 % par rapport à 1995. De ces résultats, il ressort que, les CFCs sont complètement substitués par des HCFCs et HFCs dont les émissions sont en forte augmentation. Le Togo devra encore renforcer la surveillance des importations illicites des SAO au niveau de ses frontières et renforcer la capacité des techniciens du froid qui relâchent d’important gaz- F dans l’atmosphère.
Author Keywords: Couche d’ozone, Emission, Elimination, Substituts, Atmosphère, Gaz-F.
How to Cite this Article
Ayassou Koffi, Kokou SABI, and Koriko Moursalou, “Trend of anthropic emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and their substitutes in Togo from 1995-2018,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 565–578, August 2021.
