Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic vector disease transmitted by a dipteran insect bite, the sandfly. This still poses a public health problem in Algeria and in many countries. It is a widespread pathology that develops in sporadic or endemic form. In order to assess the epidemiological situation of this disease in the Djelfa region and to determine the influence of the factors of variation and to estimate the risk on public health, a study was extended from January 2018 to May 2018. The results showed that the number of cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis was 249 cases with an average of 49.8 ± 37.18 cases (20.00 ± 14.93%). The highest rate of this condition was observed during the month of January (37.75%) and the disease is strongly negatively correlated with mean monthly temperature (r = -0.87, R2 = 0.75). ). Statistical analysis has shown that the incidence of the disease is highly dependent on months (P <0.001). Our results showed that the disease mainly affects men (57.83%) than women (42.17%). The pathology is better related to sex (P <0.05). In parallel, the distribution of results by age shows that patients aged between 20 and 50 years are the most affected by the disease (42.17%). In addition, residents of Ain Oussera commune are more affected by the disease (22.09%). These results testify to the real risk posed by human involvement with cutaneous leishmaniasis in this region of Algeria and the need for vector and reservoir recognition, and to implement a program of extension and control in this region according to epidemiological aspects of the disease.