The liberalization of the mining sector by the Mining Code of 2002, at the end of mining conventions and the revolution of mining methods, have led an installation of mining companies with foreign capital on the Katangese territory. The objective of the study is therefore to analyze the legal aspect of mining companies and to determine its impact on the socio-economic development of the local population. Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM), created following the contract between Générale des Carrières et des Mines (GCM) and LUNDIN HOLDINGS LTD. Observation has shown that, on the socio-economic front, TFM has built and rehabilitated health centers and schools; ensure the distribution of drinking water, electricity and agricultural inputs; guarantee a good job to the local people. On the environmental front, the company ensures to have reduced the negative impacts of toxic waste on the environment by treating them before evacuation. However, TFM's activities have also led to underdevelopment of the agricultural sector and a rural exodus resulting in social and cultural imbalance. Results of the study showed that mining has both positive and negative impacts on the socio-economic development of the Katangese population.