The contemporary city in the Mediterranean countries is undergoing a major transformation and is entering a new phase of urbanization that sees the evolution of ways of thinking and acting, making significant changes in its design, production and management essential; placing on the agenda the need to equip itself with new instruments capable of adapting to new challenges and ways of thinking and acting as a new urban planning. One of the phenomena resulting from these changes is urban sprawl, which directly reflects the aspect of land consumption, its intensity varies from one area to another according to several factors and parameters, the altitude or shape of the landforms play a considerable role in the configuration of urban sprawl within cities, we used this combination in our study by superimposing land use maps of the communes of Annaba and El Bouni on Altitude maps, this composition has allowed us to see clearly the distribution of urbanization according to the types of relief, this study comes to illustrate this reality in the bipolar space of the wilaya of Annaba (municipalities of Annaba and El Bouni, the latter has developed as a satellite city to the mother city and has now become the second largest urban pole in the wilaya.

Climate is the main controller of human behaviors and practices, and even determines their nature and types. It is also often responsible for its effectiveness, as in some economic activities. Tourism is part of these activities, It is practiced by man as an urgent result of rest, recreation, sense of nature, taste and enjoyment in areas unusual to live in. The climate plays an important role in its success or failure, and changing its elements from one region to another changes the type and specificity of tourism. The climate determines the degree of tourist comfort. This research paper aims to study the tourist comfort and highlight the role of climate elements and their direct and indirect effects on them by addressing them in detail and droping it on the municipality of El Kala in the far northeast of Algeria. The Tourism Climate Index (TCI) was used in the preparation of this study. The results showed in the end that the tourism climate index of the municipality of El Kala is not constant throughout the year and variable with positive and negative values recorded. The spring and summer season are considered to be one of the most suitable periods for tourism activity in the region. The index reached its maximum value (88%). The remaining, in addition to winter, is considered an inappropriate time for tourism (35.5% in January), mainly due to the impact of climate and its components.