Early pregnancy in school settings remains a major public health and social concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly in rural areas affected by socioeconomic challenges. Although pregnancy is not a disease, its occurrence among adolescents is often unintended and has serious consequences for health, education, and social integration. This study aimed to identify factors associated with early pregnancy among adolescents in the Léproserie neighborhood, located in the Mopela health area within the rural health zone of Bwamanda (South Ubangi). A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2023 using field surveys and interpersonal interviews. A non-probability sampling method included 59 participants (43 girls and 16 boys) who had experienced pregnancy or fatherhood before the age of 18. The results indicate that most adolescents initiated sexual activity between the ages of 13 and 15, while regular condom use was low. The main reasons for non-use included perceived loss of sexual pleasure, partner refusal, and cultural or religious constraints. The findings highlight the combined influence of socio-cultural, economic, and educational factors, compounded by limited access to sexual and reproductive health information. The study underscores the need to strengthen comprehensive sexuality education, encourage parental involvement, and improve access to reproductive health services to reduce early pregnancies among school-aged adolescents.

The concept of the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) is far from being fully stabilized. It is understood in very different ways and translated through a number of variants in training curricula. There is a lack of support and involvement of teaching staff in secondary health sciences schools (ITM and IEM) in the implementation of the reform. So the CBA appears and remains as a slogan. This study aims to assess teachers' knowledge of the Competency-Based Approach and its application in the ITM/IEM of the province of Sud-Ubangi. This is a descriptive study. The data were collected using the survey method with the interview technique from 61 teachers in 4 schools including the ITM Salisa/Libenge, Molende/Tandala, Tobongisa/Banga-Bola, Saint Joseph/Bokonge. Graduate teachers dominate with 51% having done, for nearly 31% the hospital sector (19/61), followed by those who have done teaching and Administration in Nursing with 18% (11/61), then doctors with 13% (8/61). Teachers have enough knowledge on the APC but have not been formally trained. They accuse gaps in the use of educational documents in particular training and evaluation references. They sometimes use skills references. They certify a significant insufficiency of materials for the correct application of the APC. They are partially integrated into a pedagogy focused on the APC. This lack of impregnation of the teachers surveyed is linked to the lack of continuing training; the lack of mastery of the different methods used in APC and the insufficiency of educational documents, the lack of support on the APC during the school year and the bonus for mediocre services. A contextualization of the implementation of the APC is essential as an appropriate solution with continuing training and the development of a set of efficient monitoring and support strategies can contribute to the integration of the APC and the improvement of the quality of training of learners according to the standards of the health sciences education department.

The health and well-being of women of reproductive age are central to sexual and reproductive health concerns in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), especially in the South Ubangi province. Despite the 2018 ratification of the Maputo Protocol, which advocates for comprehensive abortion care centered on women (SCACF), its implementation remains limited, contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality rates. The World Health Organization estimates that over 200,000 women die annually in developing countries due to unsafe abortions, a particularly severe issue in areas like Gemena, where maternal deaths, especially among adolescents, are frequent. The high mortality is partly due to social stigma, which views abortion as a criminal act, preventing access to appropriate healthcare services. A study conducted in the Kivu health area revealed significant gaps in the implementation of the Maputo Protocol. Of 21 healthcare providers surveyed, only 2 (9.1%) had received SCACF training, far below WHO standards. Additionally, the necessary infrastructure and equipment to provide quality care were lacking. The study shows that the Maputo Protocol is largely non-functional in the Kivu health area and throughout the Gemena health zone. To address these issues, it is crucial for health sector actors, particularly the government, to ensure the proper application of the protocol. This would not only improve women's health but also contribute to the overall development of the province and the country.

Human reproduction remains the key to offspring and the sustainability of the human species. While becoming pregnant is seen as a happy event, several corollaries accompany its evolution, development and outcome. The involvement of the male partner from conception to childbirth remains a source of joy and fulfillment for the pregnant woman, for the product of conception, for the family and for society. The observation remains bitter in the province of Sud Ubangi in particular and in the Salongo II health area in the ZSUR of Gemena. Barely 7% of married men accompany their female partners to CPN sessions even if the importance of supporting the latter is no longer in doubt. Lack of interest and low income are the factors behind this low involvement. Increasing awareness among men and providing decent wages would be ideal solutions to resolve this thorny issue that impacts on sexual and reproductive health as well as the health of the population in general.

This work focused on sanitation in a university environment deals with both the material and the functional components necessary for students, future professionals and development agents to adopt behaviors favorable to sanitation and the promotion of environment and, through them, the community is brought to change.