Conservation biologists are now studying how cultivated areas could be used to maintain good biological diversity. The aim of this study was to assess the assemblage of termites in lemon plantations in the Tiassalé region in southern Côte d'Ivoire. According to the standardized rapid estimation method (RAP) of biodiversity, termites were harvested from a 10-year-old lemon plantation in comparison with the primary forest. Three transects (100 m long and 2 m wide) were carried out in each environment. The results obtained showed that in total, 20 species of termites divided into 13 genera and 6 subfamilies were collected on the two plots. The specific richness was relatively low in the lemon plantation (12) compared to the primary forest (18 species). The Simpson index was higher in the forest (SI = 0.97) than in the plantation (SI = 0.77). The total abundance of termites was higher in the forest (71.33 ind./transect) than in the plantation (38 ind./transect). Fungus-growers were more abundant in the lemon plantation (24.33 ± 2.7 ind./transect) than in the forest which recorded an average abundance of 18.66 ± 2.87 ind./transect. Soil-feeders with 27.33 ± 1.36 ind./transect were more abundant in the forest than in the plantation. Grass-feeders, totally absent from the forest, were observed in the lemon plantation with a relative abundance of 2.66 ± 1.36 ind./transect. The lemon plantation would help restore termite communities in this area heavily disturbed by pineapple cultivation.