The Mokali and Tshuenge rivers are located in the North-East and 20 km from the center of Kinshasa. In order to better understand the nature of the socio-environmental impacts of the activities practiced in their watersheds area, analyses of these activities were carried out. This study was made on the basis of direct field observations and surveys of the resident populations of these catchment areas. The assessment of the magnitude of these activities showed that the five environmental components are strongly affected and that appropriate measures should be taken to protect them.