This study aims to enhance the African pharmacopoeia, for this purpose, we undertook to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the aqueous extract of leaves of Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae), a plant used in the treatment of anemia. Qualitative phytochemical tests carried out with this extract have revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, catechic tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones and saponosides. The study of acute toxicity by gavage in female mice, according to the guidelines of the OECD-423 revealed that the extract is not toxic. Anemia was induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Gavage of anemic rats with an aqueous extract of leaves of Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae), at 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight or Ranferon® reference substance corrected the anemia after 14 days. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration impaired by phenylhydrazine were restored. At a dose of 1000 mg/kg, the extract was more effective than Ranferon®. It appears from this study that this extract has anti-anaemic properties in accordance with the effectiveness recognized in traditional medicine. This activity is similar to that of Ranferon® and would be due to the presence of phytochemicals it contains.