The purpose of this study was to characterize the soils subject to gold mining. Data collection consisted of sampling soil from the 0-20 cm layer, in corn fields, under natural vegetation and in gold panning sites (gold-bearing soil and washed gold-bearing soil). A total of 48 composite samples of 1 kg of soil were analyzed at the ITRA Soil Laboratory in Lomé. The results of physicochemical analysis show that the washed gold soils have low contents of organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, calcium and sodium; and are sandy in texture. Washed gold soils have a very low level of fertility. Over the entire study area, the levels of trace metal elements range from 0.01 to 10.24 mg/kg for copper, 0.02 to 4.01 mg/kg for zinc, 0.01 at 5.05 mg/kg for lead and 0 to 1.40 mg/kg for cadmium. The pollution index varies from 0.01 to 0.09 depending on the localities and is less than 1 in all localities. The lowest index is obtained at Kéméni and Kpaza sites, indicating a low accumulation of trace elements on these sites. The sites of its localities are not polluted by the Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd studied. Gold panning in the Central Region of Togo leads to soil degradation.