The expansion of the plantation economy has led to difficulties in many rural areas of Côte d’Ivoire, and specifically in Abengourou. These difficulties can be seen in the ageing of cocoa orchards and the scarcity of arable land. This situation makes farmland vulnerable. The aim of this study is to map vulnerable agricultural areas in order to contribute to better management. In addition to data collected through literature and field missions, the results are based on AHP multifactorial spatial analysis techniques and geographic information systems (Land suitability map). The results showed that two groups of factors govern the vulnerability of agricultural land in the Abengourou department. These are physical and anthropogenic factors. The combination of these factors enabled us to identify five levels of vulnerability, from the most vulnerable to the least vulnerable. Level 1 is the extremely vulnerable zone (30.54%), followed by level 2 (very vulnerable, 16.68%), level 5 (less vulnerable, around 10.61%), level 3 (highly vulnerable, 27.79%) and level 4 (moderately vulnerable, 12.38%). People are adopting various strategies to deal with land vulnerability. These include changing the rules governing access to land, adopting agroforestry and using phytosanitary products to improve production. In addition, the study revealed that areas with different levels of vulnerability have different cropping histories, namely: dense forest (16,478 ha, 14.06%), degraded forest (11,364 ha, 9.7%), fallow-crop (21,808 ha, 18.61%), lowland (37,199, 31.75%) and annual cropping (30,324 ha, 25.88%). These cropping histories would provide clues for decision-making in the planning and sustainable management of arable land.