In Niger, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) ranks first among legumes produced and consumed and third among crops after pearl millet and sorghum. However, its production is compromised by numerous diseases and insect pests. The use of synthetic pesticides is the first control method used by producers against insect pest. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of biopesticides based on neem almond powder (T3) and ripe chili pepper fruits (T2) on cowpea insect pests in order to lower the costs associated with phytosanitary treatments and increase the yield of this crop. A total of five (5) applications were made at regular intervals of one week. Before each application, scouting was conducted to capture the count the insects in order to determine the incidence of these insects on the cowpea. The incidence of insect pests was 75.81% and 87.52% at the 3rd and 5th counts for the control (T1). On the other hand, it was 42.38% and 19.73% for the T2 treatment and 27.07% and 12.33% for the T3 treatment respectively at the 3rd and 5th counts. Similarly, the seed yield was increased after application of biopesticides. It was 387.67 kg/ha and 832.67 kg/ha respectively for T2 and T3 against 341.67 kg/ha for the control. During the present study, the biopesticide based on neem almond powder was more efficace than that based on ripe chilli pepper fruits.