The hematologic disorders induced by inhalation of the fume or the vapor and pollutant gases emanating from the foundry in the industrial and mining sectors are not ignored in the literature and were the subject of this research. Results of the 69 old hard-working subjects from 18 to 65 years which took part. An emanating group of the 23 operators founders exposed to the smoke of the metallurgical furnace and another 46 workers drawn from the personnel looking after nonexposed with metallurgical smoke. The samples of blood were taken and subjected to a complete hematologic analysis. After two group (1) case for two (2) witnesses; the results showed that the rates of haemoglobin (Hb) were significantly reduced at the subjects exposed to the smoke of the metallurgical foundry with an average rate of haemoglobin decreased and lower than the normal (12,5mg% ± 2,0). The founders thus developed 13 times more anaemia than the group controls (C) with a GOLD = 13,45; one p-been worth < to 0,00 is (p = 0,00) and one IC = [3,81; 47,60]. The study revealed that the numeration of red globule or érythrocytaire differs between the two groups, with an erythrocytic average = [4,45 ± 0,95]. This research also highlights that according to level of exposure, that there is a relation amount-effect meaning that the more significant the exposure is, the more anaemia is present with a p = 0,00, a GOLD = 13,46; IC = [4,20; 42,22]. The study observes that a proportion of 43% of the founders carry EAR not-adapted. These results indicate that the emanations of the metallurgical smoke of the foundry are toxic for the man and involve a reduction of the hematologic indices which, with a prolonged exposure could be harmful and fatal for the exposed workers.