This work explores the use of innovative eco-friendly solutions from bio-based materials Sources such as rice straw and reed mat in the thermal insulation of buildings to optimize energy requirements and limit loss of ambient temperature inside homes. For this purpose, an experimental cell in clay brick of dimensions 1.60 m x 1.50 m x 1.55 m was built to highlight these materials. As for the cases of one of the vertical walls and the roof insulated with rice straw and reed mat, the results obtained on the vertical wall made of terracotta brick + reed + rice straw + reed + clay coating show that the surface transmission coefficient defined by U has a value of 0.24 W/m2K equal to the recommended limit value. This wall therefore has the thermal qualities of a good insulator. Which leads to the absence of water condensation in the wall and the hygrometry content is good and pleasant to human life as well as the summer comfort as a whole must be better. It appears that this wall has a strong thermal resistance and diffuses little heat from the outside to the inside. At the roof level, two cases were considered. One without insulation and the other with insulation. U of the non-insulated roof is 1.6 W/m2K, higher than the recommended limit value of 0.24 W/m2K. Once insulated, it is equal to 0.24 W/m2K. Based on the results of this parameter, we can conclude that the sheet metal roof, insulated with rice straw, acts as an insulator.