In response to the continuing decline in the fertility of tropical agricultural soils, the use of grain legumes has been developed as an alternative form of organic fertilization, as it integrates the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity. The present study, conducted in the Karamokola area in central-western Côte d’Ivoire, falls within this framework and aims to compare the effect of two legume crops (soybean: Glycine max and bean: Phaseolus vulgaris) on soil macroinvertebrates. To this end, an experimental design consisting of four randomized blocks comparing four treatments (beans, soybeans, beans and soybeans, and a control) was set up on two fallow plots that were more than five years old. The results showed that the plots with a previous monoculture of beans and a previous mixed crop (beans and soybeans) harbored 15 taxonomic groups, compared to 10 groups for the control. In addition, there was a greater abundance of macroinvertebrates, with 675.75 individuals per m2 (previous bean monoculture) and 653.25 individuals per m2 (previous bean-soybean intercropping). Furthermore, soybean monoculture hosted an intermediate abundance of macroinvertebrates of 156.12 individuals per square meter.In addition, bean monoculture significantly improved (p˂0.05) the organic matter content (OM = 1.82%), carbon (C = 1.06%), and nitrogen (N = 0.09%) content of the soil compared to the other treatments (soybean monoculture and bean-soybean combination), which recorded statistically identical values (OM = 1.00% soybean and 1.17% bean-soybean); C = 0.58% soybean and 0.68% bean-soybean: N = 0.05% soybean and 0.06% bean-soybean). The positive correlations (r ≥ 0.85) between soil organic status and macroinvertebrate density, taxonomic richness, and Shannon diversity index suggest a synergistic relationship between these two compartments (soil organic status and density). The mechanisms governing the increases in abundance and diversity under the bean and bean-soybean treatments are discussed, and we recommend that farmers grow beans or bean-soybeans before planting any other crops in the Karamokola area of Béré in Côte d’Ivoire.