Fish oils contain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are considered essential for preventing several diseases, some of which have neurological effects that promote growth in children. The overall objective of this study is to extract and characterize the oils in the fresh muscles of Schilbe grenfelli Linné, 1758 fish caught in the Malebo Pool (Congo River) in the Democratic Republic of Congo in order to highlight the nutritional value of the oils present in the muscles of this fish. The oils were extracted using the Soxhlet method and then characterized by thin-layer chromatography. The results obtained show that the muscles of S. grenfelli fish contain essential oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 and 6 group, which allow this fish to be classified as fatty based on the average yield (46.62±2.1%) of oil extracted from its muscles. Analysis of the samples using thin-layer chromatography shows frontal ratios slightly higher than that of synthetic omega tri (0.80 cm). The results obtained show that the fresh muscles of Schilbe grenfelli fish are likely to offer good quality oils that are medically and nutritionally important for the Congolese population. Consumption of this fish meat is likely to contribute to the fight against cardiovascular disease and malnutrition, given the quality of these oils.