To identify sensitive plant communities and species at risk of extinction in the context of mining activities in the Oumé department, this study was initiated and carried out using surface and transect survey methods. Similarly, the assessment of the project’s negative impacts on vegetation and flora was carried out using three (3) criteria. The overall aim of this study is to analyse and assess the impact of gold mining on flora and vegetation, in order to identify vulnerable plant communities and species at risk of extinction. The results identified six (6) vegetation types, including a dense, well-preserved forest. A total of 493 plants species belonging to 322 genera and 87 families were recorded. Among the identified flora, there are two (2) species threatened with extinction (Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. and Omphalocarpum ahia A.Chev.) and 13 vulnerable species, including Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague, Milicia regia (A.Chev.) C.C.Berg, Nesogordonia papaverifera (A.Chev.) Capuron ex N.Hallé and Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. Vegetation types such as dense forests, degraded forests, fallow land and agricultural plots (food crops, cocoa fields) all constitute habitats in which human activity is particularly significant. During the various phases of the project, the flora and vegetation at the study site and within the project area will be completely destroyed. Based on the findings of this study, the recommended course of action is to encourage local communities to practise agroforestry using these endangered species, or to spare and then preserve, as far as possible, the few wooded areas observed around the sites.