Cameroon's painting is characterized by a multitude of genres with common and diverse features. By choosing to take a look at this whole creation of the visual arts on the Cameroonian painting, which has a large and varied corpus of works art abounding sometimes disturbing, this study is a contribution bearing light on genre issues, themes that eagerly arises in the iconography of the visual arts in Africa. It aims to study the significance of the images created, identification and classification of the themes developed and processed in modern painting in Cameroon. When analyzed with interest, it follows that artist primarily painters, decorators and image creators have continued to assert itself in recent decades in plurals genre. This study presents attractive works of art provided with intrinsic values through which visual artists have not only cared to answer questions of composition, color or shape, but also the commitment to give their creations significant functions. The heritage of the art of painting in Cameroon includes masterpiece that are of aesthetic importance. The pictorial illustration is plentiful and treats various subjects showing a continuation of the ancient past as it was passed down to the present time through memories of everyday life, beliefs and mythology of contemporary life.