As modern process industries become more complex, the importance to detect and identify the faulty operation of pneumatic process control valves is increasing rapidly. The prior detection of faults leads to avoiding the system shutdown, breakdown, raw material damage and etc. The proposed approach for fault diagnosis comprises of two processes such as fault detection and fault isolation. In fault diagnosis, the difference between the system outputs and model outputs called as residuals are used to detect and isolate the faults. But in the control valve it is not an easy process due to inherent nonlinearity. The particular values of five measurable quantities from the valve are depend on the commonly occurring faults such as Incorrect supply pressure, Diaphragm leakage and Actuator vent blockage. The correlations between these parameters from the fault values for each operating condition are learned by a multilayer BP Neural Network. The parameter consideration is done through the committee of Development and Application of Methods for Actuator Diagnosis in Industrial Control Systems (DAMADICS). The simulation results using MATLab prove that BP neural network has the ability to detect and identify various magnitudes of the faults and can isolate multiple faults. In addition, it is observed that the network has the ability to estimate fault levels not seen by the network during training.

An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm has been developed using Mathematical formula to diagnose heart disease from Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals. Auscultation, the technique of listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope can be used as a primary detection technique for detecting heart disorders for the past years. But now the Phonocardiogram, the digital recording of heart sounds is becoming very popular technique as it is relatively inexpensive. Four amplitude parameters of the PCG signal are extracted by using filter technique and are used as input. PCG signals for three types of heart diseases such as Tachycardia, Bradycardia and Atrial fibrillation were used in this paper to test the accuracy. These disease types that affect the electrical system of heart are known as arrhythmias, cause the heart to beat very fast (Tachycardia) or very slow (Bradycardia), or unexpectedly (Atrial fibrillation). After the signals are filtered and the parameters are extracted, the parameters are fed to the AI algorithm. Classifications of heart diseases are carried using the AI algorithm by comparing the extracted parameters. Here comparison is done using Min Max method. The developed mathematical artificial intelligence algorithm is implemented in MATLab using Simulink and the simulation results proved that the developed algorithm has been shown to be a powerful technique in detection of heart diseases using PCG signals.