The purpose of this work is to analyze theoretically the role of technical progress in economic growth. The theoretical framework chosen is the neoclassical theory. The main results are generated three in number. First, the theoretical analysis has evolved over the past decades. Second, the evolution and produced by models of endogenous growth and compared to traditional neoclassical growth model. Third, this trend is explained by advances in research in industrial economics in terms of analysis of the nature of competition.