The present study aims to analyze the hydropluviometric variability and the dynamic of land cover in the catchment of the Sota located at the North-east of Benin. It is based on the exploitation, on one hand, of rainfall and runoff data over the period 1965-2010 and, on the other hand, of satellite images Landsat TM of 1995 and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS of 2013. The calculation of rainfall and hydrometric index and the application of statistical tests were used to analyze the hydropluviometric variability in the catchment of Sota. This variability is marked by similar fluctuations of rainfall and runoff. The break identified on rainfall and hydrometric series in 1970 is followed by a rainfall deficit of 6,76 % and a flow deficit of 33,75 %. The analysis of land cover maps produced from satellite images made it possible to release the land cover dynamic. This dynamic is characterized by the regression of natural vegetation formations to the profit of anthropic formations. The crops areas and fallows knew the greatest expansion with an annual growth rate of 6, 16 %. The degradation of the vegetation cover is undoubtedly one of the factors of the persistence of the relatively high level of the hydrometric deficit in the watershed of Sota.