The aim of this study is to highlight the combined effects of climate change and anthropization on surface waters in the Agnéby watershed. The global hydrological balances produced by the SWAT model show that in the year 2050, precipitation will record a deficit of 1.87%, while actual evapotranspiration will be 2.80% higher. Groundwater recharge and runoff will be in deficit by 2.5% and 9.77% respectively, and stock variation will be in deficit by 36.62% compared with the reference period. For 2080, precipitation, groundwater recharge and runoff will be in deficit by 1.23%, 1.5% and 10.23% respectively. Actual evapotranspiration will show an excess of 3.37%, and the change in stock relative to the reference period will also show a deficit of 20.42%. The hydrological consequence of this state of affairs is the depletion of surface water resources over the years in the Agnéby watershed due to anthropogenic activities. The predominance of evapotranspiration can be explained by the fact that the area will be covered by large-scale farming operations. These could also be explained by the fact that the area will be less favorable to surface runoff than to infiltration.

Soil erosion by precipitation, rainfall and runoff is a widespread phenomenon in different countries of the world. It becomes disastrous in particular on the slopes because of the torrentiality of the flow, of the strong vulnerability of the grounds (soft rocks, fragile grounds, steep slopes). The present study has for objective: The analysis of the data of concentrations of sediments in suspension are measured at the station of the rivers highlights relations, linking the concentration (or the solid flow) of the sediments in suspension to the liquid flow and to quantify the seasonal, monthly and interannual and intra annual variation of the surface degradation. Annual tonnage estimates of solids loads to the Mé were derived from the power law for all seasons. From this deduction, the annual quantities of sediment transported by the Mé from 2015/2017 is 7.06.106 t/year, or a specific degradation of 1.79.103 t/km2/year. On the other hand, in 2017, the value of this solid input is 3.06.106 t/year. However, the annual solid input is estimated at 7063.03.103 t/year with a specific degradation of 1784.47 t/km2/year at the Mé from 2015 to 2017.

This study is a preliminary reflection on monitoring of waters physicochemical quality and contaminants transfer within fissured aquifers of Como