Shrimp fishing is one of the main activities of coastal populations and lagoon areas of Benin. The objective of the study is to identify, through a literature review, information on the socio-economic importance of the prawn industry, the various transformations of brackish water shrimp and die problems in Benin. The study noted that the shrimp industry is one of the main economic activities of the lake populations of Benin. This is an income-generating activity that plays an important socio-economic role for these populations. It is also one of the bases activities of the national economy through exports. The study also showed that two species of continental water shrimp are produced in Benin and undergo two main types of transformations are: smoking for local consumption and sub-regional and industrial processing for export to the European Union. However, this sector is facing many difficulties such as lack of processing plants accredited and well equipped, lack of laboratories of official controls and in particular the hygienic and sanitary quality of the plans waters fisheries. Which contributed to the fall in income of these people engaged in this sector therefore of the State of Benin.