This work is entitled “literature in action through Shi folk music”. Literature and Music are two inevitable and inseparable elements in the traditional Shi folklore. They always go together. In this way, dealing with the present paper we wanted to side with Eno BELINGA who confirmed that “In their traditional aspect, literature and Music are in Black Africa (…) so intimately all together that they most of the time constitute one and same activity. To talk of one without the other is to practice an artificial division that nothing can legitimate” (1965:19).to bring more light to this, we have described some useful musical instruments and collected a folk song entitled Segese which was translated from Mashi, the mother tongue of the minstrel who sang it into English. Thanks to the song in question, it was noticed that the features are highly various, complex and related to both literature and music. We have disclosed along our study that Shi folk Music bears numerous situations and other occurrences which can be interpreted in a literary way.