Agriculture is the base of the economic growth of Benin. So the improvement of the outputs became a permanent concern of all the actors of the agricultural sector. Present research aims at studying the contribution of the installation of the underworld to the productivity of rice in the Commune of Boukoumbé. The adopted methodological approach is articulated around the document retrieval, the investigations of ground, the processing the data and the analysis of the results. The use of the Active Method of Participative Research (MARP) made it possible to collect information near the targeted made up actors of 50 producers, 20 persons in charge of groupings and 05 agents of rural framing. It arises from the study that the Commune of Boukoumbé has 67 underworld with a total surface area of 2106 ha whose 12 sites are arranged corresponding to a surface of 320 ha. The average outputs obtained for the two varieties are approximately 2.9380 t/ha on the level of the arranged underworld and 1.3073 t/ha for the non made-up underworld. The installation of the underworld thus represents a strategic axis for the increase in the especially rice agricultural productivity in the sector of study.