Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic pain condition characterized by a burning sensation in the clinically healthy oral mucosa. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The diagnosis is difficult, it can be made only after excluding all known diseases and deficiencies that can cause an oral burning sensation. The treatment frequently involves medications and dentists should be able to evaluate, diagnose and properly manage these patients.