This study aims to determine ecology and diversity of shrimps communities in the superior part of Cavally (Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa). Sampling was conducted monthly from september 2015 august 2016 using a handled net and lobster pots. Overall, five species were captured: Macrobrachium dux, M. felicinum, M. macrobrachion, M. vollenhovenii and M. Thysi (Palaemonidae). Macrobrachium vollenhovenii was largest distributed with 100 % of occurrence and 42, 37 % of abundance. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) performed showed that environmental variables such as dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water temperature, water velocity, pH, vegetal debris occurrence, canopy closure, phosphate and redox potential influence strongly diversity and abundance of shrimp fauna.This study determined the influence of environmental variables on the diversity and abundance of shrimp fauna in the superior part of Cavally and confirms the consequences of human activities of the quality of habitats.