The objective of this study is to evaluate the vitamin D status of 495 patients in the Souss Massa region of Morocco. At the same time, it aims to verify the existence of a possible association between vitamin D serum concentrations and certain anthropometrical parameters including age, sex, body mass index, percentage of body fat, fat visceral and waist circumference. The mean the vitamin D serum in the patients is 15.92 ± 8.04 ng / ml. Participants with adequate vitamin D status are 5.45 %. 19.80 % have a deficiency, 50.51 % have a deficit and severe deficiency concerns 24.24 %. The average vitamin D serum concentration is significantly higher in men than in women (p <0.0001). Following several linear regressions to check the influence of each variable on vitamin D status, BMI and BFD significantly contribute to the prediction of vitamin D status (p < 0.05). This study identified some associations between the vitamin D serum levels and the anthropometric parameters of our sample, in particular, age, body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), waist circumference (WC). Our results confirm the hypothesis that obesity, BMI and BFD are inversely associated with low vitamin D status. Further studies are needed to address the nutritional, environmental and genetic aspects of hypovitaminosis D in the Moroccan population.