The aim of this paper is to examine the context of the decentralization in Morocco, its evolution, the objectives and the finalities of this process, as well as the modalities and rules of administrative division. In addition, it analyzes the impact of decentralization on public and fiscal policies, and on economic growth. A detailed analysis of local finances and the role of each administrative level is presented. This analysis shows that Morocco has to ignore the regional identity during the administrative division, which will provoke conflicts and social risks. For local finances, transfers of resources to local authorities remain low. In terms of sharing tax resources, there is a lack of harmony, communication and information sharing between the different levels and the state. Our contribution will focus on the issues of administrative division, spatial optimum, regional balance, good governance, autonomy and regional taxation, as well as the division of powers. This paper also attempts to analyze the constraints and assess the potential of the regions. Finally, it seems that the speed of application of the process is slow.