The problem of consciousness is a very old one of mankind. With beginning of enlightenment and the increasing importance of science the appearance of consciousness was shifted from philosophy to experimental methods in physics, chemistry, medicine, and to neurobiology, emerging the view that all perspectives of consciousness can be reduced and explained by the mentioned disciplines. This view is referred to as strong monism. Since the pure monism cannot explain consciousness and all related aspects of psychology and philosophy, the two-aspect monism turned out to incorporate a promising way to approach the problem. The present study considers the problem of memory and based on quantum mechanics. In particular, the role of the Pauli exclusion principle is analyzed, since from its viewpoint, elementary particles like electrons must exhibit a certain kind of memory with regard to occupied or unoccupied quantum states. Due to the enslavement principle this level of memory increases with increasing of complex molecules and structures. It is also very important with regard to long-range entangled states, which indicate to assume information functions in pyramidal cells.

Conservation status of the Natura 2000 Habitat Types is assessed through parameters that include the presence or absence of Typical Species. The EEC and the Greek application guidance documents do not mention a clear definition of «Typical Species» and most of the Habitat Types’ Typical Species lists published for the whole Greece have common species with others. Moreover, they can contain till 48 species without indication on which species is more typical than another for a Habitat type. Taking the example of oak forests habitat types, this paper exposes a method to find the Typical Species which are sufficiently linked with a Habitat Type to be exclusive. It also exposes the way to give ecological profiles for the Typical Species, and by that way to inform on habitat types ecology. This permitted to propose a list of maximum 8 ranked Typical Species for three Habitat Types and a new partial organization of the North Greece oak forest’s Natura 2000 Habitat Types.

This research aims to study the obstacles encountered by young Congolese graduates in setting up their businesses. Identifying these barriers provides useful knowledge to help young people succeed in their entrepreneurial activities and projects. To this end, we examine a sample of 588 young Congolese graduates of higher and university education located in the city of Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A research approach made up of quantitative techniques, specifically the questionnaire survey, made it possible to collect the data necessary to understand the obstacles to business creation by young Congolese graduates. We opted for exploratory research. Three groups of major obstacles are mentioned in this research: the individual obstacles to business creation among young people, the obstacles related to the economic, institutional and regulatory, cultural, social and educational environment for the creation of a business companies and finally, the obstacles linked to the business creation project. The results of the study reveal that young people perceive difficult access to financing, difficult access to credit, lack of professional experience, absence or insufficient support and accompaniment, lack of personal funds, insufficient education and training programs, difficulties in preparing the business plan, lack of entrepreneurial culture, a policy of guidance and information, and skills and knowledge in entrepreneurship as the main obstacles to starting a business. This study ends with recommendations on how to improve youth entrepreneurship in the DRC.

In Burkina Faso, agriculture is the basis of the country's social and economic development. In the wake of the oil crisis of the 2000s, Jatropha curcas has generated renewed interest from stakeholders in biofuel production and its use to mitigate the effects of climate change. Despite this certain enthusiasm, very little work has been done on the cultivation of Jatropha curcas. It is within this framework that this research work is part of which the overall objective is to study the impact of Jatropha curcas on the physical and chemical properties of soils in the South Sudan area of Burkina Faso. To do this, an activity was carried out on the establishment of an assessment system in farmers' plantations in the villages of Torokoro and Tin in order to collect information on the impact of the plant on soil properties. The results of the study indicate that the soils are richer in nutrients under the crown of Jatropha curcas. The plant improves the soil's carbon content by 17 to 21% compared to the Jatropha-free field. The cultivation of Jatropha curcas could therefore be considered to combat land degradation in the South Sudan area.

The objective of this paper is to analyze through an econometric study the impact of the implementation of the Basel reforms aimed at securing the activity of credit institutions on the intermediation and support activity undertaken by banks vis-à-vis small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, a model was estimated on a sample covering a period of 3 years, spanning 2013 to 2016 and comprising 200 firms operating in various sectors. Basel regulations are approached by the bank's prudential variables in particular, the average return on equity, the solvency ratio and the short-term liquidity ratio. While access to bank financing for firms is represented by specific variables relating to their levels of liquidity, leverage and profitability. The results revealed that the new regulations are aimed at eliminating unprofitable exposures, which limit risky positions despite their profitability and widen the funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises. Quantitatively, no reduction in the volume of credit is observable, this depends on the initial position of the bank.

The decline in biodiversity is an alarming reality, nearly half of all primate species are threatened with extinction, and all great ape species - bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and so many others are concerned. The main threats identified in recent years are habitat destruction, poaching, situations of armed conflict and disease transmission. The great apes have thus been the subject of numerous conservation efforts for several decades. However, despite these efforts, the decline of their populations continues. Therefore, the present study consists in evaluating wild animal species totally protected, and clandestinely sold in the markets of Mbandaka in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Our surveys were carried out in the five markets of the city of Mbandaka distributed as follows: Sokozelo: 34, Basoko: 10, Makila: 8, Mbandaka II: 6, Mandala II: 7. The results obtained show that: - 79.92% of the surveyed population sells species of animals totally protected by CITES. - Among the 45 fully protected animals, 10 or 22.2% are sold illegally in the various markets surveyed in the city of Mbandaka. - 81% of sellers of meat from protected animals do not know CITES laws, on the other hand 18.4% of these sellers have an idea about knowledge of CITES laws. - The absence of functional structures likely to ensure the application of the law on wildlife conservation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. - No environmental information and education, as well as awareness raising on wildlife conservation and protection in Equateur province. - Poor popularization of CITES laws on the conservation and protection of fully protected species in Equateur Province. - Complicity of park eco-guards with poachers.

Reed valves in a compressor are critical parts that have a high fatigue failure potential due to cyclic bending and impact caused by the cyclic nature of the compression process. A sudden failure of a valve renders the compressor useless. Although the refining process of methods of fatigue design has already taken more than 50 years, older criteria such as Gerber and Goodman models are still attractive for engineering design of high cycle fatigue components. This paper presents an investigation on the effect of nonzero mean stress on the design of valve reeds that are widely used in compressors. The investigation relates the choice of a mean stress compensation models, with the predicted fluctuating bending fatigue strength and estimated safety coefficient values. The calculations have been performed using Gerber, Goodman, Soderberg, ASME, Crossland, and Tsapi-Soh models. The most relevant goal of this paper is to verify the efficiency of classical and advanced stress based multiaxial fatigue criteria to estimated value of fluctuating bending fatigue strength. The criterion proposed by Tsapi-Soh was found to gives estimated value of the fluctuating bending fatigue strength very close to the typical value from technical data and satisfying results in predicting the survival of the reed valves under bending fatigue failure.

The Tunisian musical system is not yet well defined rigorously in terms of its musical scale compared to other modal systems, such as the Turkish and Persian system and now included in the Arab musical system. Given that these last two have known studies which attempt to find theoretical formulas which almost translate the magnitudes of the intervals by semantic signs which correspond to their melodic specificities. Our following study is considered a musicometric specimen to elicit researchers to reveal the nature of Tunisian tbûs (modes). We first approached the theoretical Arab models which refuted the quarter-tone system reported by the modes and rhythms committee of the Arab Music Congress in Cairo in 1932. We have proved, moreover, that through two analyzed examples of the tbâ (mode) dhil, there is no similarity in the quantities of the melodic intervals, in particular the modal notes (sikah « mi half flat», awj « si2 half flat », araq « si1 half flat ») that we were satisfied with in our objective, which evokes the dispute over the referential musical scale of this tbâ and its scalar system.We have mentioned that the musical scale depends on the musician and his interpretation, these cultural tendencies or his usual auditory memory which has influenced his tastes and the musical culture which belongs to him, as well as by the impact of certain factors interpretation. We are ultimately looking to find a very rigorous theoretical model for this tbâ and for the other Tunisian tûbû by introducing artificial intelligence and expanding the number of recordings analyzed which can give us satisfactory results.

Although doomed to multiple constraints, urban and peri-urban agriculture contributes to the fight against unemployment and food insecurity. This article analyzes the behavior of the rainy seasons on which agricultural planning is based. Two methods were used to analyze the precipitation data: agronomic criteria and frequencies. The main results show that the Pointe-Noire agglomeration has a bimodal rainfall regime. This offers two possibilities to cultivate in the year. But, the rainy seasons are very random. The starts tend to be more and more late while the early endings. And the lengths of the rainy seasons are getting shorter over the years.

By presenting the overview as well as the social and environmental impacts of the construction management of so-called modern residential houses in Cameroon, this article reports on the destructive nature of this category of fashionable buildings, but also sounding the alarm on the return to basics. From the results of previous studies, this article clearly shows that the construction management system for residential houses in Cameroon is archaic due to the absence of any real regulations. Most of the construction models for residential buildings are modeled on the Northern countries, using mainly imported and residential materials but whose exploitation is a source of considerable social and environmental impacts. The use of such building materials leads to the proliferation of uneconomical, non-ecological and uncomfortable habitats. It follows people's exposure to many diseases and the destruction of the environment. The integration of sustainable construction technologies in the residential sector remains the main of means of constructing economical and ecological buildings, meeting our needs while preserving that of future generations.

The presence of a high level of organic matter in solid household waste is a positive criterion for considering waste recovery through composting.This research aimed at studying of the impact of the fermentable fraction of municipal solid waste during composting. Five (5) mixtures have been developed and in each of the treatments, the added fermentable fraction represents 25 or 50% of the removed fraction. The temperature, Total Organic Carbon, nitrogen and pH values of each treatment were determined during the maturation process of the compost manufacturing trials according to the different constituents.Results revealed a strong positive correlation (r2= 0.8566) between the total organic carbon and the fraction of total organic matter in the mixtures submitted to composting. From the analysis of the compost treatments carried out, it appears that the inputs of the T50v treatment (treatment obtained by substituting 50% of vegetable matter with the fermentable fraction of the MSW) are well degraded at the end of composting. Consequently, they would bring a substantial quantity of organic matter as a soil amendment, despite a slightly high C/N ratio that could be compensated by an input of nitrogen compounds. This mixture could enrich the soil with a substantial quantity of humic substances.

Burkina Faso's agricultural systems are space-intensive and are characterized by their low productivity. In the past, a shifting cultivation system with fallow was practiced by farmers. With demographic pressure and the migratory phenomenon, this traditional system of regeneration and management of soil fertility has almost disappeared. The search for manure formulas adapted to the main crops of the East was the object of our study. To this end, a participatory evaluation using the matrix scoring method made it possible to establish the value of these combinations of manures. The study covered thirty (30) fields in leached tropical ferruginous soils with a sandy clay texture (Kotchari, Pentinga). The participatory evaluation by producers made it possible to assess the probability of acceptance of several manure formulas by them. This probability of accepting the manure options generally reflects the performance of a combination of manures and the producers' preference for this manure. For the producer, yield, economic reproducibility, accessibility to inputs and valuation of labor constitute criteria for the adoption or rejection of a manure formula. The cultural weight of speculation is also a criterion for adopting a fertilizer formula. It emerges from this participatory evaluation: the relevance of the organo-phosphate manure formulas (5t / ha fo + 50Kg / ha Urea 5t / ha; fo + 200Kg / ha BP + 50Kg / ha Urea and 5t / ha fo + 200Kg / ha BP + 50Kg / ha Urea + 150Kg / ha NPK on sorghum; 200Kg / ha + 100Kg / ha NPK BP 200Kg / ha BP + 50Kg / ha Urea). It is therefore advisable to produce enriched composts with a view to intensification. Organo-mineral manure is essential for the peasants in a perspective of sustainable intensification and in their agro-socio-economic criteria. The agronomic effectiveness of rock phosphate associated with mineral fertilizers (Urea, NPK especially) on cowpeas is perceived and seems a less expensive alternative.Judicious management of local resources (natural phosphates, organic matter) combined with good cultivation techniques (crop associations and rotations) can be an alternative to the use of imported fertilizers and an approach for the development of sustainable agriculture.

Stored seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in are the target of several insects like Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. These pests can cause losses greater than 80 % after six to seven months of storage. The present study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal effects of Moringa oleifera seeds on adults of A. obtectus in storage through two compositions (ie powdery and oily). Four concentrations of oils (3.33; 6.66; 9.99 and 13.33 μl/g), four powder concentrations (4; 16.67; 33.33 and 50 %) and one negative control (C0 = 0 μL / mL) for each composition were used. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, with four repetitions. The results of the oil contact toxicity test revealed 100 % mortality at doses of 300 and 400 μL after two days of exposure. As for Moringa powder, the insecticidal effect was less pronounced for all doses with a mortality rate of 55 % at day 5 for doses 10 and 15 g. The inhibition of eggs laid and their viability is a function of the concentration of Moringa oil. On the other hand, the powder had no effect on the number of eggs laid and rather stimulated the viability of the eggs. Moringa oil prevents weight loss of stored bean seeds with a null loss percentage at doses of 300 and 400 μL. As for the powder, it had no effect on the weight loss of bean seeds in storage. The powder and oil of Moringa seeds did not affect the germination capacity of the seeds for all the doses tested. Moringa seed oil can therefore be exploited in the integrated control of the pest of common bean seeds in storage.

The educator's representation of the juvenile delinquent" is considered as one of the important topics that need research and adoption regarding the reeducation of the juvenile delinquent, and their reintegration into society. Hence, this research aimed to identify the educator's representation of the juvenile delinquent in childhood protection centers in morocco, and used the descriptive and analytical approach; the interview was used as a research tool, it was applied to a sample of (20) educators in child protection centers, as well as (30) juveniles from three different child protection centers in morocco. The research has reached the following results: On the intellectual level: most of the educator's representations of the juvenile delinquent who are committing minor demeanors are aware of what they are doing. On the level of reform ability: the educators see that the most of the juvenile delinquent are incapable to educational reforms, they can't learn a craft within the child protection center. With regard to the behaviors, the educators see that the juvenile delinquent don't obey the orders and are violent in their behaviors. As for the juvenile delinquent's representation of the educators, they see that the majority of them have the ability to form communicative relationship with the juvenile.

In this article we will understand the interaction of music with its environment during a pandemic through three axes. The first axis studies the understanding from a philosophical, ontological and psychological, the effectiveness of music in the realization of our humanity in times of crises, the second axis is articulated at the level of the assimilation of music in an economic framework and the third axis supports music as a healing tool.

A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the different parasites in farmed pigeon at sadar upazila of Dinajpur, Bangladesh during January to June, 2017. A total of 122 pigeons (39 young and 83 adults in which 45 male and 77 female) from different farms were examined by faecal, oral and blood sample examination and postmortem examination for histopathological study. The investigation expressed that the highest overall prevalence was ectoparasites 107 (87.70%) followed by helminthes 96 (78.69%) and protozoa 71 (58.20%). In this study, the frequency of Echinostoma sp., Raillietina sp., Ascaridia sp., Capillaria sp., Ornithostrongylus sp., Eimeria sp., Trichomonas sp., Haemoproteus sp., Columbicola columbae, Menopon sp.and Lipeurus sp. were found to be 24 (19.67%), 46 (37.67%), 51 (41.80%), 38 (31.15%), 15 (12.30%), 45 (36.89%), 47 (38.52%), 39 (31.97%), 96 (78.67%), 55 (45.08%) and 75 (61.48%) respectively. The age and sex related prevalence of helminth revealed that adults 68 (81.93%) and females 62 (80.52%) were more susceptible (P>0.05) than young 28 (71.79%) and male 34 (75.56%). Further, youngs 25 (64.10%) and female 50 (64.94%) were more prone (P>0.05) to protozoa than adults 46 (55.42%) and male 21 (46.67%). Association of age and sex with ectoparasites indicated that the prevalence of ectoparasites was significantly (P<0.001) higher in adult 80 (96.39%) than young 27 (69.23%) and also significantly (P<0.05) higher in female 50 (64.94%) than male 21 (46.67%) pigeons. The results indicate that pigeons of this area are very much susceptible to different endo and ectoparasites which cause great economic loss of the farmer.

Helminthiasis is a major public health problem in Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire. This study was conducted at the University Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY in southern Côte d'Ivoire. It aims to assess the epidemiological status of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections in students at the University Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY. The survey involved 226 students sampled in 03 university courses. Stool samples were taken. Feces were analysed by the Mini-Flotac method with an flotation solution consisting of analytical salts (NaCl) with a density of 1.2. The results of stool analysis revealed a prevalence of 23.45% for Ascaris lumbricoides infection and 16.81% for Trichirus trichiura infection, respectively. The prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichirus trichiura infections did not differ significantly by sex and age group. All infested students had a low infestation density (100 %) for Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichirus trichiura infections. A questionnaire was sent to the students to collect information on the transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichirus trichiura infections. The main factors of transmission, including toilet attendance and toilet cleaning, were incriminated. This study assessed the level of endemicity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichirus trichiura infections at the university and will help to consider appropriate means for the control of these parasitic diseases.

The implementation of a circular economy for empty agrochemical containers in areas where agriculture is intensive and the use of agrochemicals is in large quantities, is necessary to reduce the impact on the environment and people's health. Training the primary producers of empty containers and agrochemical companies in the correct management of hazardous waste, as well as promoting the participation of the social and private sectors in activities of recovery and recycling of hazardous waste are some strategies aimed at avoiding the disposal end of empty agrochemical containers in the soil, bodies of water or incineration without controls, seeking in this way the recycling, co-processing or treatment of empty agrochemical containers.

The sector of Bwisha presents a lithological diversity dominated by the Precambrian basement formations surmounted by the cover rocks which are mainly volcanic, sedimentary (lake and fluvial alluvium). The geochemical analysis allowed us to obtain the concentration of CaO and MgO in different samples. A total of 41 samples were analyzed in the Nyiragongo cement laboratory. After processing of result, the Rubare sector exhibited a high concentration of CaCO3 (94, 5%) hence the presence of good quality of limestone. On the other side, the average concentration of Mgo of all samples is 2,58035024%, which proves that the dolomitization process is low.

The information systems of health insurance companies in Morocco have presented countless problems, among which we count the inability to be adapted to the current economic and socio-cultural context. Indeed, the current information systems are considered obsolete: it doesn’t allow communication between internal subsystems as well as with external partners. As a result, the insurance companies have to face a situation where the loss of income due to this outdated system could ultimately turn into heavy losses. So, an overhaul of these systems can be considered as an obligation and not a choice. In this situation, involving Big Data information in order to have more efficient systems might be considered as a possible solution. This article will therefore be an attempt of information system conception that could allow insurance health organizations to combine traditional data and Big Data for a more performant insurance system.

Water is a vital liquid for all living beings mainly, however, in many places there is a shortage of this natural resource due to various factors, humanity has begun to take into account that rain is an important resource because it can already be captured by different methods to be able to use it and combat the shortage of the resource in some places. The objective of this project is to design a rainwater capture system using gutters from the roofs of the houses, the captured water goes through a filter process at different points of the system until it reaches a storage point and then can be distributed in the house of families. The project will benefit the Huauchinango Puebla region, the rain capture system will facilitate the use of it to be able to collaborate in a better quality of life for people, since it will ensure that families can meet the basic needs of their home, collaborating in that the members of the families no longer spend time carrying water from the rivers, that they take care of their economy by not spending on the purchase of water, and the contamination of the rivers by the detergents used in the go wash clothes.