Volume 25, Issue 1, December 2018, Pages 429–436
Jacques MUNYAMPETA BAMPO1
1 Assistant, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Goma (ISP-GOMA), RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2018 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Many countries on the African continent are at war or face violence of various kinds, not to mention those related to interethnic conflicts. Since 1998, there has been a resurgence of large-scale conflicts in this part of the universe, something that has not happened since the 1960s. Studies show that in 1999, Africa was the scene of more than half of the armed struggles taking place in the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is not left out, it faces strong internal opposition caused, inter alia, by the political and economic situation, the land problem, the management of customary power, etc. All these negative facts contribute to the absence of national cohesion, one of the essential guarantees for bringing the country into chaos. It is in this perspective to help the country turn the page that undermines the life-together between communities that we propose these lines of thinking in order to provide an additional stone in the search for solutions for a real peace between all Congolese and allow them to live happily. Indeed, we will not address all aspects of conflict but we will try to focus on the issue of Kinyarwanda language that seems to "insecure" its Congolese speakers across the country. This question may be one of the causes of the deadly tribalism that endangers many users of Kinyarwanda, whether Congolese or not. And yet, the said language is part of the linguistic heritage of the country even if it is also spoken outside the country like other languages of the world. We believe that if this question is not mastered intelligently, the North Kivu province risks falling into the identity lies that were the cause of the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, as we provide some documentation related to the Rwandan tragedy. Through the lines that follow, we will try to see through some historical facts which reinforces the negative image of this language and its speakers and propose appropriate solutions throughout the country, especially in the province of North Kivu. So many studies on the conflicts of the East, often address topics that do not sufficiently emphasize the linguistic facade of the problem but place too much importance on military, economic and diplomatic remedies as effective solutions to put an end to the disorders that tear Province. We believe that these kinds of prescriptions are not enough and that it is time to add other supplements necessary to build a society truly safe from "criminal ethnicity" as is the case today.
Author Keywords: linguistic areas, Kinyarwanda, Banyarwanda, North Kivu.
Jacques MUNYAMPETA BAMPO1
1 Assistant, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Goma (ISP-GOMA), RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2018 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Many countries on the African continent are at war or face violence of various kinds, not to mention those related to interethnic conflicts. Since 1998, there has been a resurgence of large-scale conflicts in this part of the universe, something that has not happened since the 1960s. Studies show that in 1999, Africa was the scene of more than half of the armed struggles taking place in the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is not left out, it faces strong internal opposition caused, inter alia, by the political and economic situation, the land problem, the management of customary power, etc. All these negative facts contribute to the absence of national cohesion, one of the essential guarantees for bringing the country into chaos. It is in this perspective to help the country turn the page that undermines the life-together between communities that we propose these lines of thinking in order to provide an additional stone in the search for solutions for a real peace between all Congolese and allow them to live happily. Indeed, we will not address all aspects of conflict but we will try to focus on the issue of Kinyarwanda language that seems to "insecure" its Congolese speakers across the country. This question may be one of the causes of the deadly tribalism that endangers many users of Kinyarwanda, whether Congolese or not. And yet, the said language is part of the linguistic heritage of the country even if it is also spoken outside the country like other languages of the world. We believe that if this question is not mastered intelligently, the North Kivu province risks falling into the identity lies that were the cause of the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, as we provide some documentation related to the Rwandan tragedy. Through the lines that follow, we will try to see through some historical facts which reinforces the negative image of this language and its speakers and propose appropriate solutions throughout the country, especially in the province of North Kivu. So many studies on the conflicts of the East, often address topics that do not sufficiently emphasize the linguistic facade of the problem but place too much importance on military, economic and diplomatic remedies as effective solutions to put an end to the disorders that tear Province. We believe that these kinds of prescriptions are not enough and that it is time to add other supplements necessary to build a society truly safe from "criminal ethnicity" as is the case today.
Author Keywords: linguistic areas, Kinyarwanda, Banyarwanda, North Kivu.
Abstract: (french)
Beaucoup de pays du continent africain sont en guerre ou confrontés à des violences de diverses natures sans compter celles liées aux conflits interethniques. Depuis 1998, on note une recrudescence de conflits à grande échelle dans cette partie de l’univers, chose qui ne s’était pas produite depuis les années 1960. Les études montrent qu’en 1999, l’Afrique était le théâtre de plus de la moitié des luttes armées se déroulant dans le monde. La République démocratique du Congo n’est pas en reste, elle est confrontée à des vives oppositions internes causées, entre autres, par la situation politique et économique, le problème foncier, la gestion du pouvoir coutumier, etc. Tous ces faits négatifs contribuent à l’absence de la cohésion nationale, l’un des gages essentiels pour sortir le pays dans le chaos. C’est dans cette perspective visant à aider le pays à tourner la page sombre qui met à mal le vivre-ensemble entre communautés que nous nous proposons ces quelques lignes de réflexions en vue d’ apporter une pierre de plus dans la recherche de solutions pour une paix véritable entre tous les congolais et leur permettre de vivre heureux. En effet, nous n’allons pas aborder tous les aspects relatifs aux conflits mais nous allons essayer de nous focaliser sur la problématique de la langue kinyarwanda qui semble « insécuriser » ses locuteurs congolais un peu partout à travers le pays. Cette question peut se placer parmi les causes du tribalisme meurtrier qui met en danger beaucoup d’usagers du kinyarwanda qu’ils soient de nationalité congolaise ou non. Et pourtant, ladite langue fait partie du patrimoine linguistique du pays même si elle est également parlée hors du pays à l’instar des autres langues du monde. Nous pensons que si cette question n’est pas maitrisée avec intelligence, la province du Nord Kivu risque de sombrer dans les mensonges identitaires qui ont été à l’origine du génocide au Rwanda en 1994, comme nous renseigne certaines documentations relatives du drame rwandais. A travers les lignes qui vont suivre, nous essayerons de voir à travers quelques faits historiques ce qui renforce l’image négative de cette langue et ses locuteurs et proposer des solutions idoines dans l’ensemble du pays, spécialement en province du Nord Kivu. Tant d’études sur les conflits de l’Est, abordent souvent des thèmes qui ne soulignent pas assez la façade linguistique du problème mais accordent trop d’importances aux remèdes militaires, économiques et diplomatiques comme solutions efficaces pour mettre un terme aux désordres qui déchirent la Province. Nous pensons que ces genres de prescriptions ne suffisent pas et qu’il est temps d’adjoindre d’autres suppléments nécessaires pour construire une société véritablement à l’abri des « ethninicismes criminels » comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui.
Author Keywords: aires linguistiques, kinyarwanda, banyarwanda, Nord-Kivu.
How to Cite this Article
Jacques MUNYAMPETA BAMPO, “LE KINYARWANDA, SOURCE DE CONFLITS IDENTITAIRES EN RDC : CAS DE LA PROVINCE DU NORD KIVU,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 429–436, December 2018.
