[ Etat de potabilité de l’eau de consommation de la ville de Mao, province du kanem au Tchad: Constats et perspectives ]
Volume 36, Issue 3, June 2022, Pages 904–916
Epolyste Adjeffar1, Kaziri Adeline2, and Ayambi Koutimma3
1 Department de Géographie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
2 Department de SVT, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
3 Department des Sciences de l’Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
Original language: French
Copyright © 2022 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Investigations on the state of potability of the city of Mao water consumption in the Kanem province in Chad were carried out in 2000. Three pieces of information (i) the physico-chemical analysis (ii) the bacteriological analysis and (iii) the piezometric measurements of the water points were crossed. The results show that 25% of the sampled water points have abnormal concentrations of nitrates of iron and ammonium total respectively 55mg / ml, 1.85mg / ml and 0.65mg / ml values that are beyond the limit of the national standard. These abnormal concentrations of chemical elements could have origins linked to human activities. Bacteriological analysis detects fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci and total aerobic flora in 35% of the structures sampled and analyzed. Finally, the piezometric measurements show an overall low piezometric level in the city and highlight two piezometric domes in the center of the city which orient the direction of groundwater flow in all directions, converging towards the outskirts of the city.
Author Keywords: Physico-chemical analysis, Bacteriological analysis, Piezometric measurements, Mao, Chad.
Volume 36, Issue 3, June 2022, Pages 904–916
Epolyste Adjeffar1, Kaziri Adeline2, and Ayambi Koutimma3
1 Department de Géographie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
2 Department de SVT, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
3 Department des Sciences de l’Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’Djamena, Chad
Original language: French
Copyright © 2022 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Investigations on the state of potability of the city of Mao water consumption in the Kanem province in Chad were carried out in 2000. Three pieces of information (i) the physico-chemical analysis (ii) the bacteriological analysis and (iii) the piezometric measurements of the water points were crossed. The results show that 25% of the sampled water points have abnormal concentrations of nitrates of iron and ammonium total respectively 55mg / ml, 1.85mg / ml and 0.65mg / ml values that are beyond the limit of the national standard. These abnormal concentrations of chemical elements could have origins linked to human activities. Bacteriological analysis detects fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci and total aerobic flora in 35% of the structures sampled and analyzed. Finally, the piezometric measurements show an overall low piezometric level in the city and highlight two piezometric domes in the center of the city which orient the direction of groundwater flow in all directions, converging towards the outskirts of the city.
Author Keywords: Physico-chemical analysis, Bacteriological analysis, Piezometric measurements, Mao, Chad.
Abstract: (french)
Des investigations sur l’état de potabilité de l’eau de consommation de la ville de Mao, dans la province du Kanem au Tchad ont été réalisées en 2000. Trois informations (i) l’analyse physico-chimique (ii) l’analyse bactériologique et (iii) les mesures piézométriques des points d’eau ont été croisées. Les résultats montrent que 25% des points d’eau échantillonnés présentent des concentrations anormales en nitrates, en fer total et en ammonium respectivement de 55mg/ml,1.85mg/ml et 0.65mg/ml qui sont des valeurs au-delà de la limite de la norme nationale. Ces concentrations anormales des éléments chimiques pourraient avoir des origines liées aux activités humaines. L’analyse bactériologique détecte des coliformes fécaux, d’Escherichia coli, des entérocoques fécaux et flores aérobies totales dans 35% des ouvrages échantillonnés et analysés. Enfin, les mesures piézométriques montrent globalement un faible niveau piézométrique dans la ville et mettent en évidence deux dômes piézométriques au centre de la ville qui orientent le sens de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans tous les sens, convergeant vers la périphérie de la ville.
Author Keywords: Analyse physico-chimique, Analyse bactériologique, Mesures piézométriques, potabilité, Mao, Tchad.
How to Cite this Article
Epolyste Adjeffar, Kaziri Adeline, and Ayambi Koutimma, “State potability of drinking water in the city of Mao, Kanem province in Chad: Observations and Outlook,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 904–916, June 2022.
