Digital technology acts as a driving force of modern civilization, have led to significant changes in everyday life, made possible by the widespread use of computers. Based on the utilization of 3D CAD simulation, the product development in the clothing industry becomes faster and faster. The integration of 3D CAD systems for garment design leads to higher accurate cloth fitting which in previously took a long time to match the actual measurement demanded by the buyer using real time dummy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of 3D CAD with computer simulation to facilitate better body fitting during construction without using physical dummy by converting 2D CAD into virtual 3D prototype using CAD software. Our aim is to conceptualize a system that allows the designer to develop a product precisely as per buyer requirement to ensure the best quality service with the least span of time.

The media play an important role in the development of a nation. On the mechanism of their funding depends the credibility of the information they relay. The objective of this study is to evaluate financing of press organs in Benin. To achieve this objective, we used a methodology based on the qualitative and quantitative approach. So, after a literature review, we administered a questionnaire to press owners. The information collected was related to the year of creation, the reasons which motivated the creation, the frequency, the constitution, the funding sources, start-up amount etc. A total of eighty-seven (87) organizations were investigated. The results revealed that the organs surveyed were created between 1990 and 2015 and the largest number in 2004. The start-up capital varied between 400.000 and 15.000.000 FCFA depending on the type of media. In addition, 85% of press owners said that press is not profitable and keep hoping to receive funding at least one day. The media owners surveyed admit to being objective and credible in the collection, processing and dissemination of information at 86.21% and confirm at 68.97% that they do not offer an editorial advantage to third parties who finance. 38.98% of the companies were created by shareholding (20%) ​​by subsidy and 15.56% under own funds. It then becomes urgent to rethink the financing mechanism for the press in Benin to ensure more efficiency in the media.

Introduction: The present study aims to be carried out in the Bagira health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo and aims to determine the factors that influence access to health services for children under 5 years of age suffering from malaria in this zone. Specifically, the study will describe the therapeutic route for children under 5 with malaria, identify the specific determinants of the use of health services in the Health Zone by these children and will suggest prospects for improving the access to health care and services. Methodology: The study will be cross-sectional, consisting of a household survey of children who had a fever episode during 2019 in the Bagira Health Zone. The data collected will be mainly analyzed using the Logit multinomial model in order to identify the specific determinants of access to health services by the study population.

In a reading report published in “Journal des Afrikanistes” in 2017, geographer expert Christian Seignobos provides some criticisms about the book entitled “Military Elite and Formation of Cameroonian Strategic Culture” edited by L’Harmattan in 2015. It is clear that Aicha Pemboura, author of this book, was aware that a study on African armies would attract criticisms - which is absolutely normal and even salutary. Our objective in this response is not to arouse sterile controversy, but to provide some details which, we believe, will provide both answer elements and understanding for Christian Seignobos.

In the literature, many factors of sustainability of alliances are found: complementarity of resources, trust, cultural differences, degree of experience, symmetry and asymmetry, learning, coordination and control, trust, learning,... The knowledge of these factors does not allow in no case to manage the cooperation project while guaranteeing effectiveness and efficiency. Our work is based on a longitudinal study and interviews with responsibles of inter-university cooperation. This work allows us to high light the importance of success factors over time. Knowing this variability of the factors importance over time is an important step in the development of a cooperation management dashboard.

This work is part of a new approach to the study of the planning of public transport in order to optimize accessibility by these means of travel in the Greater Skikda (Northeast Algerian). Isochronal indicators are used to measure spatial-temporal accessibility, an approach based on the use of new information technologies as a tool for analysis, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Since the 1970s, the city of Skikda has experienced an urban dynamic, mainly due to high population growth, rural exodus and a number of other social, economic factors. This rapid urbanization has plunged the city into a multidimensional crisis, generating a multitude of problems: urban congestion, transport problem, environmental degradation, poor space management, etc. In addition to these factors, the centralization of commercial and administrative activities in the city, generate a lot of mobility by creating a large daily flow of travel. In this context public transit by bus should be the appropriate solution to facilitate mobility in the city and minimize road congestion. In this paper we analyzed the level of spatial-temporal accessibility by public transport and drew up a mapping that could be an effective tool for assisting local actors in decision-making in organizing the transport network and optimizing its performance.

This research aims to study the effect of the modern urban transformations of the desert city on its ancient cultural heritage, which is the desert palaces located in the province of valley of Righ, and this is what the latter showed of climate adaptation and interdependence with its environment represented in the oasis, forming an identity of the desert city, which began to disappear in front of the urban development that the region knows. To achieve the aim of the research, the researchers began to study the remaining of these palaces, and by drawing on old plans and pictures in addition to examining the reality that came to it today. Values ​​The most important conclusions were represented by the fact that the socio-economic transformations around the population's concern for them, not to mention that the urban interventions on them came late and without experience, reflecting the country's orientation to a comprehensive urban development and away from sustainability.

This study is interested in the nature of the productions in the peri-urban agricultural concessions of the commune of Mont-Ngafula in Kinshasa. It is based on the concept of production system and questionnaire surveys. The results show that the agricultural concessions surveyed carry out several types of production of plant and animal. Fruit arboriculture is the most important type of crop in terms of area occupied and visibility. His development is linked to its capacity to quickly develop the land and to occupy it over the long term, necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain and keep the long-term occupation contract. This document is the only land title legally recognized by the Congolese state to users of agricultural concessions. Beyond the legal and environmental advantages linked to arboriculture fruit, the article proposes the use of an innovative fruit agroforestry approach, consisting in the participative domestication of fruits trees with high nutritional and commercial value mixed with food crops and animal production in order to contribute the increase of the food offer in the markets of Kinshasa and the professionalization of fruit arboriculture.

Soil microorganisms actively colonize plant roots while increasing their growth and yield. The aim of the work is to characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulting from soil fertility management practices and their variation according to the phenological stages of millet. Samples of the soil and rootlets were taken during the tillage, run and seed stages. Morphological characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores and study of mycorrhizal parameters revealed that Glomus and Gigaspora are the two genera of spores resulting from soil fertility management practices. Observation with a binocular magnifying glass showed hyphae, vesicles and the presence of arbuscules on some roots. The density of the two genera of spores identified varied according to the treatments. Mulch (61, 37) has the highest average density of spores. The frequency of mycorrhization reached 100% in all treatments. For the intensity of mycorrhization, mulching also recorded the highest rate (61.06). Regarding the phenological stages, the number of spores collected at the tillering stage was more abundant with a total density of (47.72). The intensity of mycorrhization of the root cortex as well as that of the arbuscular content are also greater at the tillering stage (70.53% M and 31.19% A). The tillering stage is the phenological stage that most favors the development of AMCs and mycorrhizal symbiotic activity at the level of soil fertility management practices implemented by farmers in the W park area.

This study concerned the cuttings of two boreholes on the west margin of Abidjan. The cuttings were subjected to a chemostratigraphic analysis in order to have a clear knowledge of the composition and distribution of the chemical elements of sediments with particles less than 63µm from the Albian. It was a question of determining the different proportions of major elements and trace elements by the method of the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The purpose is to define the minerals likely to be found in the sediments. Thus, it turns out that these sediments are both rich in heavy minerals and in clay minerals. These minerals could be illite, chlorite, kaolinite, potassium feldspars, mica, zircon, titanium, ritule, anatase linked to variable levels of K, Rb, Zr, Ti, Al, Ga and Mg. the variation in the elements shows the presence of two sources, provenance of sediment. The first source is rich in heavy elements and the second in potassium and magnesium. The characteristics of these sediments show the presence of a transgression phenomenon on the passage from sequence 1 to sequence 2.

This paper addresses the reality of slum housing and its characteristics, drawing on an analytical field study, where it focused on the city of Tebessa. The study showed that about 57% of the messy residences in the city are of the same type of steel that can be settled according to the construction laws in effect. It also showed that the majority of slum dwellers are rural immigrants who live in fragile conditions. In light of these circumstances, the state’s intervention to address this situation came through Law No. 15-08 related to matching buildings and / or completing their completion issued on July 20, 2008. However, the latter witnessed many obstacles and difficulties that prevented the achievement of its goals despite the passage of a full decade since the launch of its application, as the proportion of chaotic housing that was treated in the city did not exceed 28.59%. All of this was mainly due to the reluctance of the population to engage in it in light of the great weakness of the media and oversight role of government authorities, which prompted us urgently to search for viable solutions to this problem in order to achieve sustainable urban development.

Ornithological tourism is a distinctive tourism potential, because it conforms to the logic of environmental development, and it works for the protection of biological diversity, and as a partner of local communities who wish to develop tourism projects around the observation and the protection of birds. The research aims to try to discover the causes hindering tourism based on the observation of the Algerian nuthatch in the state of Jijel, and to find solutions that would value this tourism, in order to eliminate the seasonality of the tourism sector in the same region on the one hand and to promote environmental tourism through bird watching tourism on the other hand, as Finally, we reached specific steps in order to value this type of tourism, most notably raising awareness at the regional level and enhancing integration between bird protection, especially the Algerian nuthatch , environmental services and the tourism sector.

The aim of this article the reality of the informal sector in the Algerian city, and try to do a diagnosis of this important geographical and economic issue, has been chosen the category of informal trade in the city of Souk Ahras, and this is in order to highlight all aspects of this trade through its manifestations, circumstances, motives, causes, and the extent of its impact on the city s urban and economic, environment, especially as it has become a prominent manifestation of urban life and one of the Algerian factories that control the growth and construction of the city, and the source of this important in the creation of employment and informal wealth in the city, from our study of the reality of this informal sector at the level of the city Souk Ahras, we found that it is endemic mostly in the sector of the centre of the city as represents the most strong hierarchical level in the city in terms of radiation and vital attraction, as urban unemployment that characterizes the category of the official labor force is among the most prominent motives that led to the demand for this trade irregular.