The 21st century has been seen as the time of citizen-centered care, with efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) going towards ensuring that health systems reverse the excessive and exclusively biometric orientation of recent decades. This reorganization of the paradigm requires that patient-centered care be a key dimension of quality in health, creating contexts that value cooperation between citizens and systems. In this relationship, the patient can no longer be seen as inactive, but rather as an element that can influence the entire process linked to medical care. In this paper, we explore the relevance of citizen engagement from a broad and integrative perspective. We begin this reflection with a discussion on the assumptions of Shared Decision-Making in Health that are being implemented in Portugal. Given its relevance, we expand this analysis to justify how citizen involvement is also highly relevant for the development of new information technologies. In this last point, we very briefly present PLAY-THE-ODDS, a project to co-create a communication tool between parents and children about hereditary cancer syndromes.

The northern zone of Bouaflé is located in the central part of the Bouaflé furrow, in the center of Côte d’Ivoire. This zone being highly lateritized, as in all tropical climate zones, a mapping from the regolith with a view to improving knowledge of the geology of the central part of the Bouaflé furrow was initiated. It was done using remote sensing and survey data carried out in the area. Thus, it emerges from this study that the regolith of the study area comes from the supergene alteration of the various geological formations observed and is characterized by a deep alteration profile with an average thickness of approximately 30 m with a spatial distribution of relict regolith, erosion, deposition as well as surfaces affected by widespread lateritization.

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) is a legume that plays an important role in the dietary balance of tropical populations. These seeds are an important source of protein that can make up for the lack of animal protein in food rations in sub-Saharan countries. The Bruchidae family (Bruchidius atrolineatus, and Callosobruchus maculatus) occupies first place in the diversity of insects that have adapted to cowpea stocks. Bruchidius adults colonize cowpea crops from the start of flowering. Females lay eggs on the pods as soon as they begin to form. Larvae and pupae are therefore already present in the harvested products, which are stored in granaries. The larvae penetrate the seeds, at the expense of which they carry out their embryonic post-development. The damage caused by this insect pest can be considerable if no protective measures are taken. To prevent damage caused by C. maculatus during cowpea storage, farmers generally expose seeds and pods to sunlight for several days before storing them. The aim of this work was to study the impact of sun pre-exposure and cold pre-treatment on the different development stages of C. maculatus. The results obtained show that C. maculatus adults are more sensitive to solar radiation than to cold conservation; in the case of pre-exposure to the sun, a 100% mortality rate is observed from 1 h onwards, whereas the same result is obtained at 2h30 min in the case of cold pre-treatment. On the other hand, cold had a greater effect on eggs, L2 larvae and L4 larvae than sunlight. For eggs, a 30 minutes cold pre-treatment gives a 100% mortality rate, whereas pre-exposure to the sun requires 45 minutes. L2 larvae and L4 larvae gave respectively 100% mortality from 2h and 2h30mn cold; while for sun pre-exposure respective durations of 2h30 min and 3h were recorded.

The aim of this study is to determine the share of coccidiosis in the mortality of young guinea fowl (keets) on farms in northern Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, a study was carried out on 192 one-day-old guinea fowl, divided into two (2) batches. The control batch did not receive treatment. The experimental batch was treated with an anticoccidial. Then, the zootechnical parameters and the degree of infestation were measured in each of the batches. The control batch recorded EPG values ​​of 600; 7371.43 and 5442.86 respectively for age groups 0-21d; 22-48d and 49-90d. these values ​​are significantly and respectively 8.6 times; 81.7 times and 63.19 times higher (p < 0.001) than those of the experimental group for the same age groups. As for mortality, it is 75% in the Control batch, three times higher than that of the experimental batch. Also, keets subjected to anticoccidial treatment recorded the best growth performance. Coccidiosis is therefore one of the main causes of the high mortality observed in guinea fowl farms in northern Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, the prevention of coccidiosis could help improve the profitability of guinea fowl farms in Côte d’Ivoire. However, the use of biological solutions as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics would be an avenue to explore in order to prevent the solution to this problem from being the start of another problem, in particular that of the resistance of germs to antibiotics.

This article aims to analyze the representation of work in Moroccan cinema, particularly that of the director Hakim Belabbes. While the Moroccan filmmaker is known for his strong commitment to capturing the various sociocultural and psychological aspects of his hometown, Béjaâd, and particularly for showcasing the misery and simplicity of its inhabitants, the article seeks to examine the extent to which work is also represented as suffering and pain within the framework of a «Cinema of the Poor.». The study focuses on the thematic analysis of certain films by Belabbes; a diverse corpus in terms of film genres, including documentaries, short films, and feature films, as well as the nature of the corpus, which encompasses text, sound, and image.

This article looks at the use of local materials for sustainable construction, focusing on a composite combining Sebikotane clay and ground Typha australis fibers. The study aims to overcome the limitations of clay, such as swelling and shrinkage, by incorporating natural fibers as stabilizers. Particle size analysis reveals that Sebikotane clay, the base material studied, is made up of 48% clay, 10% silt, and 42% fine sand. Atterberg limit tests confirm significant plasticity, while tests carried out on clay-Typha composites with fiber incorporation rates varying from 0 to 8% show a compressive strength of between 1.38 and 2.07 MPa. The addition of fibers significantly reduces volume shrinkage (up to 88.88% with 8% fibers) but is accompanied by an increase in loss on ignition, reaching 17.6% with 8% Typha. Analysis of the results shows that to ensure optimum performance in construction, particularly in terms of mechanical strength and dimensional stability, it is advisable to limit the incorporation of Typha fibers to a maximum of 4%.

The aim of this study was to identify contraceptive behavior and determinants of Modern Contraceptive Methods (MCM) use among female students at the University of Lubumbashi (UNILU) in DR Congo. Methods: a cross-sectional analytic study, running from June 06, 2016 to March 21, 2017 among female students at two faculties of university of Lubumbashi (Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Letters and Humanities). An exhaustive sampling of 329 sexually active female students, secondary of 1341 female students present on the day of the survey. Socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and practices of MCM were analyzed, and logistic regression was performed. Results: The average age of all sexually active female students was 22.9±3 years, 9 out of 10 students had heard of contraceptive methods (CM), and teachers were the main source of information, followed by friends and family. Condoms were the method most frequently cited and used by respondents. Determinants of MCM use among female students were: «hearing about MCM from friends/family», «knowledge of condoms», «having used an MCM at first intercourse», «having been pregnant in her life», «sharing information about MCM with sexual partner», and «knowing that MCM were available in pharmacies». Conclusion: To increase the use of MCM among female students, it is necessary to take into account the various predictive factors.

Corn is an important food crop in northern Côte d’Ivoire. However, producers are often exposed to difficulties in accessing inputs which threaten the stability of production. This contrast led us to initiate «Study of the productivity of maize cultivation systems and the GIS approach in the department of Dikodougou in Côte d’Ivoire». The general objective of this work is to analyze the productivity of maize cultivation systems in the Dikodougou department with a view to improving its production. The study used primary data through a questionnaire addressed to 240 corn producers spread across two (2) sub-prefectures and secondary data relating to the different criteria used. It appears from this study that two maize cultivation systems are encountered in the Dikodougou department. These are semi-intensive systems (72.5%) practiced by the majority of producers and intensive systems which concern 27.5% of producers. More productive, intensive cultivation systems which make it possible to obtain better yields are found more in the sub-prefectures of Boron (45.5%) where almost half of the producers practice them. According to the GIS approach, it is also in the locality of Boron (78.64%) that the areas with optimal potential are dominant. However, average corn yields remain low in the Dikodougou department (1250 kg/ha) compared to national average yields which are around 2000 kg/ha. If the good cultivation potential of the department represents an asset, the adoption of a productive cultivation system is also decisive.

The aim of this work is to take into account the effect of the stress gradient as a beneficial effect in fatigue, since its presence within a material systematically leads to an increase in the endurance limit in terms of local maximum stress. We have therefore proposed that the stress gradient be taken into account in the fatigue criterion using a statistical approach based on the variance method. This method assumes that the fracture plane is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. This method defines three types of equivalent stress on a plane: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained using the simple variance method and the stress gradient method were compared for a cyclic biaxial loading condition. We found that in terms of prediction of the fracture plane, there is not much difference between the two formulations (the simple variance method and the one taking into account the stress gradient), but the maximum values of the variance for the variance method taking into account the stress gradient vary greatly compared to the case of the simple variance method.

This study was conducted in the Badénou protected forest, at the periphery and nearby the villages of Tiébila and Nafoun. The Badénou classified forest is exposed to imminent deforestation by local populations. This study aims to determine the floristic diversity of the western peripheral part of this forest. The data was collected using floristic inventories. Floristic diversity was assessed by determining species richness, number of genera and families, Shannon-Weaver diversity and Piélou equitabilty indices. The study identified 243 species grouped into 161 genera and 60 families. This flora contains 147 herbaceous species grouped into 92 genera and 34 families. The woody species, numbering 96, belong to 72 genera and 30 families. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (3.76) showed an average diversity of woody flora. The Piélou equitabilty index (0.82) reflects an almost equitable distribution of woody individuals between species. The results of this study contributed to take stock of the flora of this forest.

This research work focuses on the redox map of the Akola West sector. In this sector of Arlit, at the Akola level, uranium mineralization is hosted in the Guezouman, which is an originally reduced sedimentary formation. The presence of oxyhydroxides highlighted in this formation at the Akola West sector is evidence of the oxidized fluids flows. The mapping of the distribution of the different redox parameters has allowed the existence of redox fronts to be highlighted. The analysis and interpretation of these results also allowed us to highlight the factors that controlled the mineralization in the Akola West sector. These include: tectonic, lithostratigraphic, paleogeographic, redox facies and fluid circulation. To this end, a hypothesis on fluid circulation has been proposed for this sector.

The aim of this study was to assess biomass production in grazing lands used by cattle (under and outside palm groves), as well as the quality of fodder species grazed. Four herds were monitored during grazing, enabling to identify the animals’ preferred grazing areas. A GPS (GARMIN 64s) was used to determine the animals’ grazing routes. In addition, grazing monitoring carried out with farmers in enabled to identify the species consumed by the animals. The chemical composition of these most palatable resources was assessed through the contents of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Ash, Protein, Fiber and Fat (Ethereal Extract). Results showed that pasture productivity was 1198.43 ± 743.63 t.DM/ha (in Ouemey Valley district) and 768.69 ± 135.03 t.DM/ha (Pobe district) under palm groves, and it was 1264.43 ± 700.88 t. MS/ha (Ouemey Valley) and 702.69 ± 38.24 t.MS/ha (Pobè) outside the palm grove. For grazing, the herds covered approximately 1.65 ± 0.70 km (Pobe district) and 1.90 ± 0.50 km (Ouemey Valley) under palm groves, while the grazing length was higer in pastures outside palm groves; 7.86 ± 1.07 km (in Pobe) and 6.27 ± 0.97 km (Oueme Valley) outside palm groves. Grasses in addition to Legumes like Mallotus oppositifolius and Tridax procumbens were the most consumed species. These species showed protein contents higher than 8 %DM, demonstrating their quality as feed for cattle. This study clearly shows availability of pasture of good quality in sub-humid zones and their suitability for feeding Lagune cattle.

The main objective of this study is to determine the real impact of light concentration increase on the parameters of an uncooled PV cell. To obtain results close to the reality, this study takes into consideration the effect of the PV cell heating inherent to light concentration and which is characterized by temperature increase. On the Basis of the thermal model, the temperature profile versus light concentration is determined. And photovoltaic parameters are extracted from the electrical model. Subsequently concentration ratio influence on these photovoltaic parameters is studied. The results indicate that the PV cell’s temperature increases rapidly with light concentration. It appears that diffusion parameters rise when concentration ratio varies from C = 1 Sun where the temperature is T=323.31 K to C = 12.51 Suns where the temperature is T=507.32 K. Beyond C = 12.51 Suns, these diffusion parameters decrease. The results also indicate a strong increase in current density with concentration ratio. This is explained by the fact that concentration ratio and temperature increase are favorable factors for the current. Contrary to many authors, this work shows that the photo-voltage and the conversion efficiency decrease with increasing concentration. This is explained by the antagonism of the effects of concentration and temperature increase on photo-voltage. For concentrations ranging from C = 1 Sun to C = 6 Suns the maximum power increases and decreases beyond C = 6 Suns. For an uncooled silicon PV cell, these results reflect the performance drop with increasing light concentration ratio.

The marketing of livestock is an activity that adds value to animal products. It conducted in Niger, through more than 635 livestock markets managed by local authorities. This traditional management method has limited performance and has shown no room for improvement. Self-management is being tested to assess the impact of livestock marketing on the Bermo self-managed market. The methodology consisted of the development of questionnaires and interview guides following the strata of players driving the market based on bibliographic research. These tools were administered at the level of eleven strata bringing together 160 actors to collect primary data. Data analysis showed that the self-managed market improves livestock presentations and sales. It facilitates fair transactions and offers better prices, according to 90% to suppliers, in a testimonial system without additional charges. Wholesalers and collectors benefit from facilitating the process of purchasing livestock within the market. Despite the improvements in sale prices, the added values of suppliers and processors remain low compared to the added value of traders (more than 50%). Tax revenues constitute a significant source of income, the redistribution of which on the basis of a distribution key allows for proper functioning and shared and sustainable management of infrastructure. The self-managed market has a positive impacton the social and economic development of the community. It is an interesting model that can be popularized and applied on larger scales.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of red meat marketing in the urban community of Niamey, through livestock markets and the various meat sales points. The study first affected the staff of the Niamey refrigerated slaughterhouse, the directorate for the promotion of animal sectors and industries, the associations of professionals in the livestock-meat sector and two consumer rights associations. Then traders, intermediaries, wholesale butchers, retail butchers (raw meat, grilled meat and dried meat), restaurateurs and consumers were approached. It made it possible to trace the marketing circuit and identify the different players in the livestock-meat sector, and to understand the process of forming the price of meat. Thus, it appears that the marketing of meat begins from the refrigerated slaughterhouse in Niamey, and ends at the points of sale or markets in the capital, from which consumers come to obtain their supplies. The study also reveals that the practice of butchery is exclusively held by the Hausa ethnic group. The results show a regular frequency in the market of low-income and large households. The income generated from the sale of grilled meat is higher than that of raw meat. The wholesale butcher’s profit is conditioned by the sale of the fifth quarter. At the end of this study, the constraints were identified and appropriate solutions were proposed.

This article discusses the deployment of a network of frequency jammers within Makala Central Prison, aimed at countering illegal communications that harm the security of the facility. The aim is to implement an effective solution to block mobile communication signals and reduce the risk of criminal coordination between inmates and outside contacts. The jamming system is equipped with advanced components, including a signal amplifier and specific antennas, allowing optimal coverage of target frequencies while minimizing external interference. Through technical analysis, this article explores aspects of deployment, such as selecting locations for maximum efficiency and managing potential impacts on neighboring infrastructure. The results show that the use of this jamming device significantly improves the security of the facility, limiting unauthorized communications and thus strengthening internal control. This article contributes to offering an innovative solution adapted to the security requirements of prison environments.

In the context of climate emergency and biodiversity loss due mainly to agriculture, this study aims to characterize the forest ecosystems of the Kara basin agropolis and a 10 km buffer zone. The methodology is based on two approaches: land cover mapping using Landsat satellite images and a detailed description of forest ecosystems, focusing on the floristic composition of woody species to assess their conservation, structure and ecological functioning. This characterization was carried out through 56 20 mx 20 m inventory surveys, where all species presents were counted and woody individuals with a DBH ≥ 10 cm measured. The results show that 67% of the area consists of cultivated and fallow land, with a higher proportion in the agropole (72%) than in the buffer zone (63%). Forests account for 13% in the agropole and 21% in the buffer zone. The floristic survey identified 105 woody species in 79 genera and 31 families, with a higher average diversity in the agropole (H’ = 2.69) than in the buffer zone (H’ = 2.13). Four species are on the IUCN Red List. Although tree density is lower in the agropole (97.2 trees/ha) than in the buffer zone (119.08 trees/ha), basal area is greater in the buffer zone (32.30 m2/ha) than in the agropole (29.86 m2/ha), indicating an annual pressure on tree species.

In Niger, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) ranks first among legumes produced and consumed and third among crops after pearl millet and sorghum. However, its production is compromised by numerous diseases and insect pests. The use of synthetic pesticides is the first control method used by producers against insect pest. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of biopesticides based on neem almond powder (T3) and ripe chili pepper fruits (T2) on cowpea insect pests in order to lower the costs associated with phytosanitary treatments and increase the yield of this crop. A total of five (5) applications were made at regular intervals of one week. Before each application, scouting was conducted to capture the count the insects in order to determine the incidence of these insects on the cowpea. The incidence of insect pests was 75.81% and 87.52% at the 3rd and 5th counts for the control (T1). On the other hand, it was 42.38% and 19.73% for the T2 treatment and 27.07% and 12.33% for the T3 treatment respectively at the 3rd and 5th counts. Similarly, the seed yield was increased after application of biopesticides. It was 387.67 kg/ha and 832.67 kg/ha respectively for T2 and T3 against 341.67 kg/ha for the control. During the present study, the biopesticide based on neem almond powder was more efficace than that based on ripe chilli pepper fruits.

The Centre-West region is one of Burkina Faso’s thirteen regions. This region is immersed in two climatic zones: the Sahel-Sudanian zone, which covers the vast majority of the region, and the Sudanian zone further south. Long-term climate studies are a key indicator that not only help us understand current and future changes in the region’s climate, but also enable better planning of agricultural activities for better resource management and production optimization. This article therefore aims to decipher the region’s rainfall projections over a century and understand their implications for irrigated agriculture at different levels.

Urban agriculture, improving the environmental sustainability of cities, contributes to the food security of urban populations in developing countries. The major cultural constraint of sandy soils in the city of Abidjan is its low organic matter content. This study aims to evaluate the effects of three types of solid organic farm waste on eggplant growth and yield. After characterizing the soil of the experimental site, a randomized Fisher block design was used. It consisted of four repetitions of four treatments: a control (C), beef dung (BD), laying hen droppings (LD) and rabbit droppings (RD). These fertilizers were applied by mixing them into the 0-20 cm layer of soil at the rate of 500 g/plant, or 10 t ha -1. Beef dung had the best effects on the height (34.93 cm) and collar diameter (0.11 cm) of plants on day 35. It also gave the highest net yield (28.70 t ha-1), without being statistically different from those of the plots with laying hen droppings (20.63 t ha-1) and rabbit droppings (15.15 t ha-1), but different (p ˂ 0.01) from the lowest yield (0.9675 t ha-1) recorded in the control plots. However, the beef dung caused yield losses due to spoiled fruits. Thus, composting of these wastes, especially the beef dung, would be recommended to improve their quality.

In this article, we will present the different consequences that can arise in the event of non compliance with the standards for the propagation of acoustics waves in their daily uses namely: sound system in our churches, evangelization campagn, refreshment bar, bistros, publics areas, etc. The acoustics waves are induced by vibration of mechanical surfaces which propagate to our ears translated by stamps. This is how we see that interactions between a vibrating body and the propagation medium obey the laws based on the existence of two forms of energy (propagated energy and that exchanged between the source and the propagation medium) described in this study. To better use acoustics waves, we will focus on the radiation impedance and the parameters allowing us to classify the sources of acoustics waves into two groups that we have called: omnidirectionnal and directionnal models.

GECAMINES often uses the minerals from the R022 embankment to feed the Kolwezi concentrator when there is a shortage of deposits. The objective pursued is to make a comparative study of the collectors (T3Y, FlominC7160, AERO MX5149 and KAX/MixtureRinkalore10 mixture) on the flotation performances of the mineral from the R022 embankment rich in chrysocolla grading 3.23% copper and 1.6% cobalt at the concentrator. Flotation tests were carried out using T3Y as a collector under the conditions of the reagents in use regime, at the end of which we have: 26.3% copper recovery yield with a content of 19.29% for the head concentrate and 73.8% copper recovery yield with a content of 6.99% for the rough concentrate with a rejection depletion of 0.98%. So, these results constituted the reference conditions for our work. Other tests were carried out to compare the performances of T3Y to FlominC7160 collectors, AEROMX5149 and KAX/MixtureRinkalore10 on the copper-cobalt ore of the R022 embankment. It appears from the tests that the use of FlominC7160 gave good performances for copper. The best performance was deduced at the dose of 6 g/t with 50.2% copper recovery yield and a copper content of 28.21% for the head concentrate, 88.8% copper recovery yield with 12.49% copper content for the rough concentrate with a rejection depletion of 0.91%. The FlominC7160 collector therefore allowed good selectivity.

The article analyzed the effects of vulnerability of transhumant herders to climate change on their livelihood in the North- Benin. A total of 100 herders were surveyed. Data such as perceptions of the manifestations of climate change, the socio-economic characteristics of transhumant herders, the impact of climate risks on livelihoods and livelihoods, the degree of vulnerability of transhumant herders and its determinants, etc. were collected during group and individual interviews using an interview guide and questionnaire. Data were analyzed using discourse analysis, sensitivity matrix, descriptive statistics and linear regression. Reduced rainfall, excessive heat during the day, irregular rainfall, early cessation of rainfall, pockets of drought, excessive heat at night, poor rainfall distribution and late onset of rains are the main perceptions of the manifestations of climate change in Nord-Benin. Flooding, drought and excessive heat are the climatic risks that have the greatest impact on livelihoods, according to the herders. Age and widowhood help to reduce the vulnerability of transhumant herders to climate change. On the other hand, traditional religion and years of experience increase the degree of vulnerability of transhumant herders to climate change. It therefore seems important to take age and widowhood into account to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on transhumant herders.

Visual comfort refers to the lighting conditions to ensure optimal clarity inside a building (office, classrooms, homes, etc.). Good natural lighting helps create a comfortable indoor atmosphere and also reduces the building’s energy consumption. However, modern architecture focuses on the aesthetic aspect of lighting in the building to the detriment of its energy performance. The objective of this study is to propose a skylight system in a so-called «blind» room in order to reduce daytime energy consumption. For this, a bibliographic study was carried out on the concepts of lighting and visual comfort in order to retain solar tubes for their ease of implementation. The lighting, both indoor and outdoor, is simulated with and without skylights in the DIALux evo 10.1 software. The simulation results of this study revealed that the building could have better visual comfort and sufficient illumination, equivalent to at least 300 lux, according to the NF EN 12464-1 standard, with daylight by integrating a solar tube. A prototype skylight was made of cardboard and validated the simulation results giving an average illumination of 490 lux for a FLJ = 1.13%. We then note a reduction in energy consumption of 108 kWh/year corresponding to a financial saving of 21,600 FCFA/year and 77.76 kgCO2eq avoided each year, for this room only.

The present study focuses on the analysis of lineaments affecting Paleocene-Miocene formations in the Ader Doutchi sub-basin (Tahoua region, Iullemmeden basin, central Niger). The main objective of this study is to carry out a geostatistical analysis of the different lineamentary structures affecting the Bouza and Keita regions. The methodological approach adopted is based on the use of remote sensing techniques and GIS tools to analyze LandSat 8 images and to compare them with field data. This methodological approach facilitated the identification of five primary fracture families, characterized by orientations ranging from N0° to N40°, N40° to N80°, N90° to N130°, N130° to N150°, and N160° to N170°.