The decision to grant credit to a small and medium-sized business (trader) by FBNBANK is essentially based on the analysis of its liquidity. However, other criteria such as the evolution of operation of the account, the guarantee or validity of demand, the seniority of the relations with the bank, the importance of the turnover, financial structure can also influence the decision of the banker. This study has highlighted determinants essential to decision to grant credit to merchants that must be used by commercial banks, and those used by FBNBANK. At the end of this analysis, we say that FBNBANK's credit granting determinants to small and medium-sized businesses are a special way of managing credit risk for its clients. They are defined by the bank taking into account origin of credit risk as well as their implementation and constitute a common standard for the various parties involved in the credit granting decision in order to allow a good credit risk assessment. You have to analyze the credit file, analysis of balance sheet and profit and loss account, the analysis of financial balance and know personality of company manager. The bank focuses on company's debt capacity and the resource structure it has. This analysis is made on basis of calculation of different ratios before registration of loan requested by the merchant to examine consequences of its possible granting.