Remote sensing is an indirect tool for prospecting the Earth's surface. It is very powerful especially in its applications related to the field of geology. This work is part of the use of remote sensing as a tool to direct prospectors to areas that may contain mineral concentrations, saving both time and cost. We will limit ourselves mainly to the study of a Landsat 8 satellite image captured on 22 July 2016 around the Precambrian inlier of Bou-Azzer-El Graara, Anti Atlas Central region in Morocco and another Landsat 7 image. The latter did not give good results considering the problem at the level of the image sensor unlike that of the Landsat 8; the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) calculation makes it possible to detect that the most important colored components are, in the order of priority, 567 (with the OIF = 8830), 467 (with the OIF = 8446), 456 (with OIF = 8387) and 367 (with OIF = 8063); The reports of the bands, rations, and the Principal component analysis PCA, made it possible to carry out a cartography lithological and hydrothermal alteration as well as maps of lineaments by means of the directional filters; the assembly and the interpretation of these information plans allow us to know the zones with mining potential. The validity of the models is tested by comparison with field data and geological maps of the studied site.