The actions of the State of Benin and the contributions of Technical and Financial Partners (PTF) registered in recent years at the national level to support and accompany Literacy and Adult Education (AEA) have not enough to give new impetus to this sub-sector. This is how the commune of Athiémé still has very little involvement in the sub-sector with the lowest literacy rate (38, 80%) according to INSAE (2013). In this work, we have chosen to analyze how the issues of local power and interest diverge from local authorities in the public service offer in the era of decentralization in Benin through the lack of political will of local elected officials, the influence of political leaders in the provision of public services and the play of plural powers of local elected officials generated by decentralization explain the non-involvement of the municipality of Athiémé in the AEA sub-sector. To better understand our problem, we used the qualitative approach, which made it possible to carry out individual interviews with 91 people spread over all the categories of actors concerned to explain the phenomenon to Athiémé. At the end of this research, the analysis allows us to identify the major causes of Athiémé's non-involvement in the AEA sub-sector which are, among others, the context of the strong politicization of the municipal council through interest. diverge from local political actors, fear of the loss of local power of Athiémé's political actors.