The windings of planar magnetic components such as inductors and transformers are the seat of physical phenomena (skin effects, proximity effects and the magnetic field produced by the component) leading to a non-uniform distribution of current in the conductors and an increase in Joule losses. The objective of this paper is to identify the physical phenomena at the origin of this non-uniformity of the current in the conductors. This work is conducted using a 3D finite element software. It highlights the predominant influence of the Hz component of the magnetic field produced by the component, perpendicular to the plane of the component.

Background: Hypothyroidism is among the most common endocrine disease; it is often associated with dyslipidemia which increases cardiovascular risk. This study was conducted to study the prevalence and profile of dyslipidemia during primary hypothyroidism and justify screening for dyslipidemia during hypothyroidism.Methods: Retrospective study, in the biochemistry department CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca from 2019 to March 2020 involving all patients who received a lipid assessment and a TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) assay in the biochemistry laboratory. TSH was estimated by an immunoenzymatic method: chemiluminescence. The LDL-assayed (Low Density Lipoprotein), HDL (High Density Lipoprotein), TG (Triglycerides), CT (Total Cholesterol) parameters were estimated by an enzymatic colorimetric method, the LDL-calculated was calculated by the friedwald formula.Results: These were 1046 patients: 66.73% Women, 33.23% Men (sex ratio M / F = 0.49). The mean age was 41.66 years ± 13.86. The mean TSH value was 23.09 mIU / L. Dyslipidemia was noted in 91.78% of cases.The prevalences of, hypoHDLemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperLDLemia, were respectively: 82.12%; 32.5%; 23.32%; 10.8%.The correlation between TSH and LDL was negative (P> 0.05) while it was positive with TG (P> 0.05), HDL (P <0.05) and CT (P> 0.05).Conclusion: Hypothyroid patients show a significant increase in serum lipids. This atherogenic lipid profile should be systematically sought when monitoring patients with hypothyroidism to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Objective: To identify the determinants of the acceptability and skepticism of health workers about the anticovid-19 vaccination during the covid-19 pandemic in Senegal. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out among health personnel in the Sangalkam Health District from May 1 to May 15, 2021. A questionnaire was sent to the various health professional categories in the district. Anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed. The data collected was entered and processed with Excel version 2013 software. Results: The participation rate was 82.5% (n = 140). Women represented 83.6% (n = 117). The average age of the respondents was 36.8 years. The average number of years of experience was 9.8 years. Nursing aides were more represented (23.6%). The vaccine rate was 87.1% (n = 122). The inactivated BIBP vaccine (Sinopharm) was the most administered (93.4%). The side effects were minor or even moderate and affected 30.3% of the vaccinees. On the other hand, 12.9% (n = 18) of the respondents were not vaccinated. The main determinants of vaccine acceptance were concern for protection (68%) and compliance with instructions from the hierarchy (29.5%). Mistrust of the information received (61.1%), fear of rumors (57.2%) and side effects (28.6%) were the main reasons for vaccine refusal. Conclusion: Awareness and communication are essential to remove barriers to anticovid-19 vaccination and increase acceptability.

The actions of the State of Benin and the contributions of Technical and Financial Partners (PTF) registered in recent years at the national level to support and accompany Literacy and Adult Education (AEA) have not enough to give new impetus to this sub-sector. This is how the commune of Athiémé still has very little involvement in the sub-sector with the lowest literacy rate (38, 80%) according to INSAE (2013). In this work, we have chosen to analyze how the issues of local power and interest diverge from local authorities in the public service offer in the era of decentralization in Benin through the lack of political will of local elected officials, the influence of political leaders in the provision of public services and the play of plural powers of local elected officials generated by decentralization explain the non-involvement of the municipality of Athiémé in the AEA sub-sector. To better understand our problem, we used the qualitative approach, which made it possible to carry out individual interviews with 91 people spread over all the categories of actors concerned to explain the phenomenon to Athiémé. At the end of this research, the analysis allows us to identify the major causes of Athiémé's non-involvement in the AEA sub-sector which are, among others, the context of the strong politicization of the municipal council through interest. diverge from local political actors, fear of the loss of local power of Athiémé's political actors.

This paper tackles about design of a device allowing a photovoltaic solar installation to follow the flat movement of sun in order to optimize electrical energy production. This device called solar tracking system is a structure that allows tracking the apparent movement of the sun in real time. To achieve this, we have chosen to use the active or slaved tracker. The improvement of the energy performances by using a double axis solar tracker is also studied. The observation of the power curves according to the influence of the received light intensity shows a maximum of 180W in the form of a plateau between 10: 50 and 14: 00 (for 3 hours) local time for the double axis system while a maximum of 175W is recorded from 12: 50 to 13: 50 (1 hour) for the single axis tracker and a maximum of 170W (for a few minutes) at noon for the fixed system. From the analysis of these results, a significant gain of about 26.20% for the dual axis tracker compared to a fixed installation was obtained.

In recent years, the sanitation of the city of Lubumbashi has been a hot topic. Indeed, the city has become more and more unsanitary. There are all kinds of landfills here and there that pollute the city. The presence of waste and garbage in inappropriate places makes the city lose all of its beauty. In a process of sanitation, it is important to question the role that communication plays as an instrument of public policy, it is the object of this reflection. Also, why does the city still remain unsanitary despite all the communications made by the urban authority on the issue? The communication of organizations within a public establishment such as the City of Lubumbashi constitutes an important pillar of public policies. It must allow exchanges as well as the sharing of data and information of public utility in order to maintain a certain link at the level of society. To be effective, it must lead to adherence to the authority's message aimed at cleaning up the environment through sustained and inclusive awareness.

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre des recherches académiques relatives au projet Erasmus+ Edu-BioMed: « développement des compétences pour l’éducation et la recherche appliquée dans les réserves de biosphère méditerranéenne de l’UNESCO » et des travaux de terrain réalisés par l’équipe du Laboratoire des Etudes sur les Ressources, Mobilité et Attractivités (LERMA) dans la Réserve de Biosphère d’Arganeraie (RBA). Le label de « Réserves de Biosphère d’Arganeraie » (RBA) est une reconnaissance d’un écosystème reconnu par diversité biogéographique, naturelle et culturelle exceptionnelle. Mais cette Réserve de Biosphère se caractérise par des relations complexes entre ses gestionnaires et sa population locale du fait essentiellement des dynamiques innovatrices actuelles impactant ses territoires. La modernisation se fait dans un environnement de fragilité socio-spatiale et d’appauvrissement dans les indicateurs de la viabilité économique. D’où l’intérêt de prise en considération des différentes échelles de l’intégration territoriale de la RBA et le rôle de l’innovation dans son développement durable. Le but est d’étudier l’intégration territoriale de la RBA par le biais d’analyse du processus des innovations apparues au niveau de la RBA. Le système de la réserve est complexe, puisqu’il regroupe une multitude d’actions et de décisions. La coordination entre les acteurs se heurtent au manque d’une vision commune sur le développement durable de cette réserve et même de son intégration à différentes échelles territoriales. Par le biais d’une approche systémique, on a précisé l’orientation de chaque acteur. Une volonté vient apparaitre, mais nécessite un travail pour booster le leadership entre eux pour bien coopérer et travailler dans le sens d’une meilleure intégration de la RBA. De ce fait, l’adaptation du modèle GIVE à notre démarche scientifique et à notre contexte d’innovation, vient pour apporter une valeur ajoutée au processus de coordination des acteurs de la RBA.

The reduction of the losses post-harvest can contribute to the attack of the food self-sufficiency and the backing of the food security in Burkina. It is in this perspective that this survey has been undertaken and consisted to the assessment of the losses post-harvest of the pennisetum and sorghum in the townships of Ziniaré in the region of the Central Tray and Komki-Ipala in the region of the Center. This assessment carried at home on the links harvest, drying, transportation of the fields and beating / vannage. Iit had for objective to determine the level of the losses. The rate of the quantitative losses is determined according to the methodology of the FAO. The analysis of the sorghum losses revealed 6,33 % to the harvest, 8,63 % to beating / vannage, 2,2 % to the drying and 0,3 % to the transportation at home, for the two townships. So the losses accumulated of sorghum have been estimated to 17,46 %. The losses post-harvest of the pennisetum recorded to the harvest is estimated on average to 6,76 % and 12,53 % to the operations of bombardment / vannage. The heap of the losses of the pennisetum bound to the operations of harvest and bombardment / vannage has been valued to 19,3 %. These results show that the losses post-harvest stays important. The losses of financial incomes by agricultural household are estimated in 55 875 FCFA for sorghum and 42 000 FCFA for the pennisetum. By extrapolation, the quantitative losses of the two cereals considered value themselves to 30 784 tons about for the two regions with an economic value closely 4,336 FCFA billions.

Market gardening is emerging as a credible alternative for crop diversification. The objective of this article is to characterize the market gardening practiced at in rainy season. The methodology adopted consisted to question the farmers and to prospect of vegetable production basins. The sampling concerned 102 farmers who represent more than 20% of the target population. The data collected was includ to descriptive and analytical analyzes. The result shows that fruit-vegetables are the main crops grown. The pure cultivation of cabbage, peppers or tomatoes, is by far the most favored by farm managers. The main irrigation system used by rainy market gardeners is made up of boreholes (86% of market gardeners), motor pumps (93.14%) and pipes (69.65%). The analysis of cultural practices reveals a strong application of maintenance manure (85.29%) and phytosanitary chemicals (95.09%). In addition, the factorial analysis of the mixed data reveals four groups of wintering market gardening operations with a total variance explained at 67.36%. The first group is made up of intensive and specialized market gardening operations with an internal variance rate of 31.07%. The second group is represented by diversified vegetable farms favoring the practice of associated crops with an internal variance of 29.74%. The third group says socio-organized farms (22.75% of the internal variance), favoring crop rotation. The fourth type is called the group of extensive farms.

Cassava production in Benin is estimated at more than 4,5 million tonnes in 2018. Most of this production is for self-consumption and post-processing marketing. The actors in this sector transform fresh cassava into several other products (gari, tapioka, atièkè, lafun, cossette, flour breadmaking...), recognized worldwide and particularly in Africa. From an artisanal processing, the transformers in this sector, have gone through a semi-industrial transformation, thanks to the mechanization of some painful operations that used to consume a lot of time during processing. My job, was to study and design a machine that can peel cassava. This peeling operation was previously done manually using a knife or special manual tools (peelers...) and associated with a significant consumption of working time and the risk of injury and loss. The present machine, must allow the improvement of the safety, the quality of the operation as well as the significant reduction of the duration of execution. It will consist of a wooden drum whose interior is lined with wire brush fibers, driven by a motor (electric or thermal) or by the operator with a pedal, if any.

The pollution of environmental components by metallic trace elements around many mining sites is known around the world. This metallic pollution constitutes a serious public health problem and the bioaccumulation of these metallic trace elements by food plants is a major concern. This study highlighted the level of pollution by metallic elements in edible products of three plant species (zea mays, corchorus olitorius and manihot esculenta) regularly grown in the Tokpli limestone mining area. The analysis of metallic trace elements in soil and plant samples is respectively carried out by inductively coupled plasma microwave atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES 4200) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (the Optima 80,000 ICP). The contents of various metallic trace elements were analyzed in the grains of zea mays, the leaves and stems of corchorus olitorius and tubers of manihot esculenta. The results show a high accumulation of most of these elements in edible products and in soils. These metallic elements in the soil would come from mining activity, the degradation of soils and other ecosystems, and the misuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Their presence in edible products would be linked to the process of bioaccumulation by root and/or aerial ways.The pollution factors are of metallic trace elements (Hg, Fe, Pb, Al, Se…) in edible products such as zea mays (Hg: 2806.29; Fe: 1667.62; Pb: 1622.99), corchorus olitorius (Hg: 3463.24; Al: 2715.78; Fe: 1882.98) and manihot esculenta (Fe: 964.51; Hg: 670.13; Se: 539.26) plants grown around the Tokpli mining area are much higher than the thresholds recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consumption of these products could expose consumers to chronic poisoning.

In Côte d'Ivoire, one of the concerns regarding child malnutrition remains the lack of nutritional data on locally manufactured flours used in infant formulas. This study aims to verify compliance with standards for the macronutrient composition of 7 artisanal infant flours, then to compare the nutritional quality of these flours with that of industrial infant flour sold in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). The results revealed that apart from soybean flour and «five-grain flours», the water, carbohydrate, lipid and energy content of the artisanal flours tested did not comply with the standard levels recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. The average energy values ​​ (362.01 ± 31.93 kcal / 100 g) of the artisanal flours tested are lower than that of industrial infant flours (405.87 ± 2 3.94 kcal / 100 g). On the other hand, the protein (17.47 ± 12.70%) and lipids (8.19 ± 7.60%) content of artisanal flours are higher than that of industrial flours. The artisanal five-grain flour made from soybean flour gave a satisfactory energy value and meets the regulatory standards for a complementary diet (400 Kcal / 100 g). Faced with the practiced and high prices of industrial flour, beyond the purses of a large number of families in Côte d'Ivoire, this type of artisanal infantile composite flour with mixtures of cereals and soybeans could meet the nutritional needs of children.

The improvement of initial training and the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Moroccan education system are among the priority projects for the implementation of the educational reform of the 2015-2030 strategic vision. In this context, we sought to assess the impact of using Google Classroom platform in the initial training of future secondary school teachers of Regional Centre for Education and Training Professions. This study was conducted with a sample of 128 trainee teachers in the Life and Earth Sciences, belonging to three CRMEFs through Morocco. The results revealed that the use of Google Classroom in the context of blended learning could be a promising solution to overcome many challenges related to initial training of future secondary school teachers in our country. Moreover, the use of Google Classroom platform by the trainee teachers has strongly motivated them to use this tool later in their future practices.

Agriculture in Benin mainly rainfed has experienced a disruption in relation to the agricultural calendar due to the effects of climate variability. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of cotton yield by an appropriate choice of the sowing period in the Municipality of Banikoara. To achieve this, climatic data covering the period from 1981 to 2015 were collected and processed using different software (Excel spreadsheet, Khronostat).It emerges from this work that there is a strong variation in rains and temperatures during the period 1981 to 2015 with a downward trend in the rainy season. Thus, the favorable periods for cotton cultivation are those where the start of the cycle is between the periods of June 10 to 30. Regarding the sowing date of June 15, a significant yield of 1987.5 kg / ha was recorded. At the same date, a significant improvement in the phenological parameters was observed, the largest size of the cotton plant being estimated at 67.25 cm and the diameter of the pod is 2.85 cm.As a result, improving cotton yield in the study area must go through the reorganization of the cropping calendar.

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) occupies an important place in the diet of the populations of Côte d'Ivoire. However, during storage, significant losses due to fungi are observed. The objective of this work was to know if traders are aware of the difficulties they encounter during the storage of yam tubers. To do this, a survey was conducted in four communes in the District of Abidjan. It was found that more than 94% of traders encounter enormous difficulties, particularly rotting during the storage of yams before sale. This mainly soft rot (93.75%) causes the loss of 10 to 20% of stocks according to 56.25% of traders. Although 87.5% of the traders felt they knew the causes of the rots, fungi were not mentioned at all. This study is a preliminary study that could be a database for a possible study on the identification and control of these fungi responsible for post-harvest rots.

Water, a simple molecule which is essential for the life and development of the population. The distribution of this drinking water of good sanitary quality and the maintenance of the quality during its distribution is a permanent concern of REGIDESO (Water Distribution Authority). The quality aspect deserves special attention in terms of microbiological and physicochemical balance.The water from the Regideso; distributed in the town of Kolwezi to part of the population may have a poorer quality at the outlet of the tap compared to that produced in factories because of the dilapidated drinking water distribution network in the town.Thus our study will focus on the knowledge of the microbiological quality (mesophilic aerobic flora, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella, faecal streptococcus, clostridium perfringens) and physicochemical (pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, etc.) of the water, flowing from the Regideso tap. To do this, a research method and technique based on experimentation as well as documentation in order to compare the results obtained in the laboratory according to international standards for the quality of water intended for human consumption and carried out by the tests of 'guidelines for evaluating the final quality of water intended for human consumption. After the orientation tests focused on physico-chemical analyzes only. We carried out microbiological analyzes to identify pathogenic germs in the water of the factories as well as at the level of the distribution network for the proper assessment of the quality of the latter. After analysis, we found the following:- The physico-chemical analyzes of the water taken at the outlet of the treatment plants show values ​​below the limits of the standards published in 2011 by the WHO;- A deterioration in the quality of the water caused by the obsolescence (piping pierced in certain places and corrosion of the piping) of the distribution network at certain sampling points; this situation is observed in the MUNUNKA district located in the commune of MANIKA. The degradation influences the turbidity of the water drawn from the taps as well as the reduction in the concentration of the residual chlorine level (i.e. 12.40 NTU against the WHO standard: 0-5 NTU and 0.1 mg / l of Chlorine against the WHO standard: 0.2 - 1mg / l);- And finally, the microbiological analysis shows that there is an absence of all the pathogenic germs sought except in raw water which has an excess of aerobic mesophilic flora (ie 591 CFU / 100ml against the WHO standard: ˂ 100 ml). To maintain good water quality, REGIDESO will need substantial resources to rebuild its distribution network without forgetting the renewal of equipment.

The approach to new information and communication technologies spares no area of ​​life; road surveillance is one of the activities that requires special attention given the significant increase in the number of motor vehicles in circulation involving regular checks of on-board documents by elements of the traffic police.In the context of the town of Kolwezi in the Democratic Republic of Congo where we observed numerous traffic jams caused by elements of the Road Traffic Police who, to identify the vehicles in order with the on-board documents, they must check for each vehicle stopped piece by piece, and this causes delays for the drivers in order who sometimes undergo the same check several times in a day at several checkpoints, to this is added the hassle during the check, which causes many incidents on the road. public highway.Thus, through this study, we are proposing the computerization of the road traffic police service to solve the problems related to the control of on-board documents.

This study aims to analyse spatial distribution and interactions that can exist between different Growth stages of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) and also, between its seedlings and adults of other species in order to provide to forest managers a tool for sustainable management of the natural population of this species. A full inventory was carried out in a semi-deciduous and anthropized forest of Central Africa in the north-east of DR Congo in six hectares with the Cartesian coordinates of all tree individual species taken. Data from this inventory were encoded and statistically analysed using the «ads» package of R Software to determine the point processes observed in this habitat. Results showed that Iroko trees have a random spatial distribution with low aggregations in the ecosystem. Individuals of the same growth stage live in aggregate while those of different growth stage have negative interactions (Competition - repulsion) on non-negligible radius. The diametric structure of its individuals is well balanced but showing a regeneration significantly low.

Between two stromatolitic reefs of Collenia (LLH) and Cryptozoon (SH) of the JVL encampment outcrop alternate brecciated, bedded and massive limestones beds belonging to Schisto-calcaire Subgroup. And as the bathymetry fluctuates from supratidal flat to intertidal in the biostromes, the depositional systems of brecciated, bedded and massive limestones regularly change from lagoon to tidal flat. By the presence of the evaporite, of the re-worked elements and of the erosional figures formed by the tidal chenal, the JVL encampment outcrop constitutes a shelf margin system tract deposited after a moderate sea level fall on the continental plateau overlain of brackish water and isolated of clastic material supply under a desertic climate within the later Ediacaran period. This regression, caused by a local epirogenic mouvement, is enameled of numerous minor sedimentary cycles.

In the Western Congo Basin, The C4a Member of the Lufu-Toto region is characterized by the combination of mixed silico-clastic carbonate facies and purely carbonate facies divided into four zones of the facies. The first area of facies (ZF1) is characterized by the gray-green marls with lenticular bedding of maritime marshes, the purple marls with planar bedding of muddy flat and the dolomitic shales of salt pond. The second zone of facies (ZF2) is characterized by mixed flat sandstone marls. The combination of these two areas with the tidal channels (ZF4) translated by the purple marls with oblique bedding is typical of a macrotidal coast, adjacent to the restricted lagoon (ZF3) with laminar limestone, mudstone limestone and gray dolomite otherwise called « coastal-lagoon complex ».