With the increasing demand for electrical energy, the design of electrical networks is becoming more and more complex to operate according to standards. The choice of devices for the installation of an electrical network would lead to many consequences such as loss of power, deterioration of the line due to overvoltages, etc. As a result, there are several methods of solving difficult problems, including metaheuristic methods. These methods, which appeared in the 1980s, are inspired by natural systems such as the particle swarm (PSO), the ant colony (ACO) and the genetic algorithm method (AG). The latter is a global research and optimization technique that is based on the mechanisms of natural selection and genetics, which can simultaneouly search for several possible solutions. In this work, it is a question of proposing a progam based on a metaheuristic method which will make it possible to optimally choose the elements of an electrical network. To do this, we first used the parameters of the Cameroonian North Interconnected Network (RIN) the proposed a program based on a genetic algorithm that we simulated with the characteristics of the latter using the MATLAB software in order to choose the best devices (conductors, insulators, pylons) for its implementation.