Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique, Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement, Université NANGUI ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
The management of agro-pastoral waste remains a major concern in countries with high agricultural potential such as Côte d’Ivoire, due to the pollution of environmental components resulting from its poor management. This work aims to identify the different types of agro-pastoral waste generated in the departments of Soubré, Issia, Sassandra and Daloa. It also aims to provide information on the quantities of residues available and to identify the management method for this waste. To do this, some fields of observations were made to identify the different types of waste then based on agricultural statistical data from the Ministry. The quantities of agro-pastoral residues were estimated. A survey was also conducted from a survey sheet of agropastoral residue holders to identify the management method. It appears that in these localities, we find as crop residues, rice straw and husk, stalks, cobs and pobs of maize and cassava, bunches and palm shells, cocoa fibers and pods, shells of coffes. Livestock waste is made up of slurry, liquid manure, manure, bones, feathers and droppings and comes from animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. The quantities of crop residues estimated are 236,123.3 t/year in Daloa, 255,000 t/year in Issia, 290,000 t/year in Soubré and 198,221.4 t/year in Sassndra. Livestock waste is 728.8 t/year in Daloa, 3,606.1 t/year in Issia, 2,442.6 t/year in Soubré and 873.4 t/year in Sassndra. In these localities, 85% of planters abandon their residues in the fields, 12% of planters incinerate them in the open air and 3% compost them.
Rice husking residues constitute real bioresources which the development could contribute to improving the living conditions of populations and reducing pressure on forest resources. This study examined the management of rice husking residues in the Lôh-Djiboua region. The survey and field observation carried out showed that the Lôh Djiboua region produces an average of 21,262.4 tonnes of rice per year, including 8,711.9 tonnes in Divo, 9,625.5 tonnes in Lakota and 2,925 tonnes in Guitry. The main residues from husking rice are husks and bran. The average annual bale quantities recorded are 2744.3 ± 446.2 tonnes at Divo, 3032.1 ± 1550.7 tonnes at Lakota and 921.4 ± 249.6 tonnes at Guitry. The average annual bran masses are 304.9 ± 49.6 tonnes, 336.89 ± 172.3 tonnes and between 102.4 ± 27.7 tonnes respectively at Divo, Lakota and Guitry. Rice husking residues produced in the mills are collected by households (0 to 18.9%), pig farmers (8.1 to 27.8%), poultry farmers (45.9 to 55.5%), farmers (16.7 to 28.1%) and fish farmers (2.7 to 3.1%). These use them as fuel in households, as feed and bedding in poultry and pig farming, as feed in fish farming and as fertilizer after calcination in agriculture. There is a low rate of use of rice husking residues as fuel in households in the studied areas (1 to 4%).